硅酸盐通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (9): 3151-3162.DOI: 10.16552/j.cnki.issn1001-1625.2026.0212
陈飞1(
), 赵翃婷1(
), 武小鹏2,3, 栗晓林2,3,4, 王飞4
收稿日期:2026-03-09
修订日期:2026-04-28
出版日期:2026-09-15
发布日期:2026-10-09
通信作者:
赵翃婷,博士,讲师。E-mail:zhaohongting@lzb.ac.cn作者简介:陈飞(1983—),女,讲师。主要从事道路与桥梁工程方面的研究。E-mail:chenfei@jxnhu.edu.cn
基金资助:
CHEN Fei1(
), ZHAO Hongting1(
), WU Xiaopeng2,3, LI Xiaolin2,3,4, WAMG Fei4
Received:2026-03-09
Revised:2026-04-28
Published:2026-09-15
Online:2026-10-09
摘要:
本文通过无侧限压缩试验和直剪试验研究了石灰-粉煤灰固化杭州湾地区盐渍土的力学性能,分析了含盐量和养护龄期对石灰、粉煤灰固化效果的影响规律,并结合扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和压汞法孔隙率测试(MIP)揭示了石灰-粉煤灰固化盐渍土(二灰土)的微观结构特征。结果表明,盐渍土的无侧限抗压强度、切线模量、应变比能均随含盐量的增加呈先增大后减小的变化趋势,认为含盐量对盐渍土力学性能的影响存在最优掺量;掺入石灰、粉煤灰后,二灰土的力学性能大幅提升,基本上随含盐量和养护龄期的增加而增强,但含盐量超过1%(质量分数)后,无法进一步显著提升二灰土的力学性能。基于微观试验结果,发现石灰、粉煤灰能够有效地改善盐渍土的孔隙结构特征,二灰土的孔容积、中值孔径、平均孔径、孔隙率、分形维数等参数均小于盐渍土,土体堆积密度由1.41 g/cm3增加到1.47 g/cm3,这些参数能够更好地揭示二灰土微观结构特征和宏观力学性能之间的关系。研究成果可为二灰土在杭州湾地区实际工程中的应用提供科学参考。
中图分类号:
陈飞, 赵翃婷, 武小鹏, 栗晓林, 王飞. 石灰-粉煤灰固化盐渍土的力学性能及微观特征研究[J]. 硅酸盐通报, 2026, 45(9): 3151-3162.
CHEN Fei, ZHAO Hongting, WU Xiaopeng, LI Xiaolin, WAMG Fei. Mechanical Properties and Microscopic Characteristics of Lime-Fly Ash-Solidified Saline Soil[J]. BULLETIN OF THE CHINESE CERAMIC SOCIETY, 2026, 45(9): 3151-3162.
| Category | Liquid limit/% | Plastic limit/% | Maximum dry density/(g·cm-3) | Optimum moisture content/% | Plasticity index |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Silty clay | 37.51 | 23.06 | 1.69 | 19.56 | 14.45 |
表1 土样的基本物理性能
Table 1 Basic physical properties of soil sample
| Category | Liquid limit/% | Plastic limit/% | Maximum dry density/(g·cm-3) | Optimum moisture content/% | Plasticity index |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Silty clay | 37.51 | 23.06 | 1.69 | 19.56 | 14.45 |
| Composition | SiO2 | Al2O3 | Fe2O3 | K2O | MgO | Na2O | TiO2 | P2O5 | SO3 | Other |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mass fraction/% | 67.56 | 17.19 | 5.10 | 2.60 | 2.51 | 1.59 | 0.80 | 0.18 | 0.18 | 2.29 |
表2 土样的主要化学组成
Table 2 Main chemical composition of soil sample
| Composition | SiO2 | Al2O3 | Fe2O3 | K2O | MgO | Na2O | TiO2 | P2O5 | SO3 | Other |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mass fraction/% | 67.56 | 17.19 | 5.10 | 2.60 | 2.51 | 1.59 | 0.80 | 0.18 | 0.18 | 2.29 |
| Ion | Na+ | K+ | Mg2+ | Ca2+ | Cl- | SO | HCO |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Content/(mg·g-1) | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.15 | 0.03 | 0.10 | 0.29 |
表3 土样的易溶盐含量测定结果
Table 3 Soluble salt content determination results of soil sample
| Ion | Na+ | K+ | Mg2+ | Ca2+ | Cl- | SO | HCO |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Content/(mg·g-1) | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.15 | 0.03 | 0.10 | 0.29 |
| Category | Available calcium content | 75 μm mesh passing rate | Loss on drying | Acid-insoluble matter | Magnesium and alkali content |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mass fraction/% | 90.1 | ≥95 | 0.9 | 0.59 | 1.08 |
表4 熟石灰的物理性能
Table 4 Physical properties of slaked lime
| Category | Available calcium content | 75 μm mesh passing rate | Loss on drying | Acid-insoluble matter | Magnesium and alkali content |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mass fraction/% | 90.1 | ≥95 | 0.9 | 0.59 | 1.08 |
| Composition | SiO2 | Al2O3 | CaO | SO3 | Other |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mass fraction/% | 45.1 | 36.8 | 4.5 | 1.2 | 12.4 |
表5 粉煤灰的主要化学组成
Table 5 Main chemical composition of fly ash
| Composition | SiO2 | Al2O3 | CaO | SO3 | Other |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mass fraction/% | 45.1 | 36.8 | 4.5 | 1.2 | 12.4 |
| Salt content/% | Unconfined compressive strength/kPa | Tangent modulus/MPa | Strain energy density/(kJ·m-3) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 144.60 | 7.27 | 2.80 |
| 1 | 184.55 | 9.70 | 3.03 |
| 2 | 182.40 | 9.35 | 2.71 |
表6 盐渍土的力学性能指标
Table 6 Mechanical property indexes of saline soil
| Salt content/% | Unconfined compressive strength/kPa | Tangent modulus/MPa | Strain energy density/(kJ·m-3) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 144.60 | 7.27 | 2.80 |
| 1 | 184.55 | 9.70 | 3.03 |
| 2 | 182.40 | 9.35 | 2.71 |
| Salt content/% | Fitting formula | R2 | Cohesion/kPa | Internal friction angle/(°) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | τ=33.33+0.50σ | 0.99 | 33.33 | 26.57 |
| 1 | τ=35.97+0.49σ | 0.99 | 35.97 | 25.99 |
| 2 | τ=38.60+0.36σ | 0.99 | 38.60 | 19.78 |
表7 盐渍土的黏聚力和内摩擦角
Table 7 Cohesion and internal friction angle of saline soil
| Salt content/% | Fitting formula | R2 | Cohesion/kPa | Internal friction angle/(°) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | τ=33.33+0.50σ | 0.99 | 33.33 | 26.57 |
| 1 | τ=35.97+0.49σ | 0.99 | 35.97 | 25.99 |
| 2 | τ=38.60+0.36σ | 0.99 | 38.60 | 19.78 |
| Salt content | Variation in unconfined compressive strength/kPa | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 3 d | 7 d | 14 d | |
| From 0% to 1% | 63.41 | 373.53 | 809.44 |
| From 1% to 2% | 62.57 | 51.50 | 16.58 |
表8 二灰土无侧限抗压强度随含盐量的变化
Table 8 Variation in unconfined compressive strength of lime-fly ash soil with salt content
| Salt content | Variation in unconfined compressive strength/kPa | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 3 d | 7 d | 14 d | |
| From 0% to 1% | 63.41 | 373.53 | 809.44 |
| From 1% to 2% | 62.57 | 51.50 | 16.58 |
| Curing age/d | Variation in cohesion/kPa | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 0% salt content | 1% salt content | 2% salt content | |
| 0~3 | 104.98 | 152.64 | 179.24 |
| 3~7 | 6.05 | 26.31 | 36.55 |
| 7~14 | 19.68 | 84.22 | 85.38 |
表9 二灰土黏聚力随养护龄期变化
Table 9 Variation in cohesion of lime-fly ash soil with curing age
| Curing age/d | Variation in cohesion/kPa | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 0% salt content | 1% salt content | 2% salt content | |
| 0~3 | 104.98 | 152.64 | 179.24 |
| 3~7 | 6.05 | 26.31 | 36.55 |
| 7~14 | 19.68 | 84.22 | 85.38 |
| Soil | <0.01 μm | 0.01~<0.1 μm | 0.1~<1 μm | 1~<10 μm | 10~<100 μm | ≥100 μm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Saline soil | 0.95 | 10.28 | 24.38 | 18.71 | 14.08 | 31.59 |
| Lime-fly ash soil | 0.46 | 17.47 | 23.25 | 29.78 | 4.58 | 24.47 |
表10 孔隙体积百分比 (%)
Table 10 Percentage of pore volume
| Soil | <0.01 μm | 0.01~<0.1 μm | 0.1~<1 μm | 1~<10 μm | 10~<100 μm | ≥100 μm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Saline soil | 0.95 | 10.28 | 24.38 | 18.71 | 14.08 | 31.59 |
| Lime-fly ash soil | 0.46 | 17.47 | 23.25 | 29.78 | 4.58 | 24.47 |
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