复合固废矿物掺合料替代粉煤灰抑制混凝土碱硅酸反应的机制

doi:10.16552/j.cnki.issn1001-1625.2026.0120

硅酸盐通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (8): 2760-2769.DOI: 10.16552/j.cnki.issn1001-1625.2026.0120

复合固废矿物掺合料替代粉煤灰抑制混凝土碱硅酸反应的机制

许晴¹(), 杨淑庆¹(), 冯炜², 李林³, 崔宏志¹

^1.深圳大学土木与交通工程学院，滨海城市韧性基础设施教育部重点实验室，深圳 518060
^2.水利部水工程材料重点实验室，中国水利水电科学研究院，北京 100038
^3.四川岷江港航电开发有限责任公司，乐山 614000

收稿日期:2026-02-02 修订日期:2026-02-25 出版日期:2026-08-15 发布日期:2026-09-01
通信作者: 杨淑庆，博士，研究员。E-mail：ysqanna@163.com
作者简介:许晴（2001—），女，硕士研究生。主要从事固废胶凝材料方面的研究。E-mail：xuqing010113@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(52379129)

Mechanisms of Alkali-Silica Reaction Inhibition in Concrete Using Composite Solid-Waste Mineral Admixtures as Fly-Ash Replacements

XU Qing¹(), YANG Shuqing¹(), FENG Wei², LI Lin³, CUI Hongzhi¹

^1.Key Laboratory of Coastal Urban Resilient Infrastructures，Ministry of Education，College of Civil and Transportation Engineering，Shenzhen University，Shenzhen 518060，China
^2.Key Laboratory of Water Engineering Materials，Ministry of Water Resources，China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research，Beijing 100038，China
^3.Sichuan Port and Shipping Investment Group Co. ，Ltd. ，Leshan 614000，China

Received:2026-02-02 Revised:2026-02-25 Published:2026-08-15 Online:2026-09-01

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对粉煤灰资源区域分布不均、大坝工程就近稳定供给受限的问题，本研究利用工程周边区域固废制备复合固废矿物掺合料替代粉煤灰，抑制混凝土中的碱硅酸反应并实现固废就地资源化，通过活性指数、水化热与膨胀率评价反应活性与抑制效果，结合孔溶液离子分析与背散射扫描电子显微镜表征解析抑制机理，采用抗压强度测试、压汞法孔隙率测试与热重分析评估性能影响。结果表明，复合固废矿物掺合料的石灰消耗活性达52.3%，与粉煤灰相当。复合固废矿物掺合料的替代率不低于20%时，可控制碱硅酸反应膨胀至限值以下。孔溶液离子分析结果揭示碱金属离子浓度降低并调控铝组分的抑制机制。热重与孔隙率分析表明，同一配合比下，体系中Ca（OH）₂持续消耗且孔隙结构随龄期增长呈自致密化趋势。本文为粉煤灰供给受限地区的混凝土碱硅酸反应防控提供了低碳抑制策略。

关键词: 复合固废矿物掺合料, 碱硅酸反应, 辅助胶凝材料, 孔隙结构, 粉煤灰替代率, 砂浆棒膨胀率

Abstract:

To address the challenges associated with the uneven regional distribution of fly ash resources and the limited availability of a stable local supply for dam construction， this study developed a composite solid-waste mineral admixture derived by solid wastes from engineering-side areas as a substitute for fly ash to mitigate alkali-silica reaction （ASR） in concrete while enabling in situ resource utilization of solid wastes. The reaction activity and mitigation effectiveness were evaluated through activity index， hydration heat， and expansion rate， while the underlying suppression mechanisms were elucidated by combining pore-solution ionic analysis with backscattered electron scanning electron microscopy. The influence on material performance was further assessed using compressive strength testing， mercury intrusion porosimetry， and thermogravimetric analysis. The results demonstrate that the composite solid-waste mineral admixture exhibits a lime consumption activity of up to 52.3%， comparable to that of fly ash. A composite solid-waste mineral admixture replacement level of not less than 20% is sufficient to control ASR expansion below the specified limit. Pore-solution ionic analysis result reveals a mitigation mechanism characterized by the reduction of alkali metal ions and the modulation of aluminum species. Thermogravimetric and porosity results indicate that， under the same mix proportion， Ca（OH）₂ is continuously consumed and the pore structure gradually densifies with curing age. Overall， this study provides a low-carbon mitigation strategy for ASR control in concrete in regions with constrained fly ash supply.

Key words: composite solid-waste mineral admixture, alkali-silica reaction, issueary cementitious material, pore structure, fly ash replacement, mortar-bar expansion

中图分类号:

TU525

许晴, 杨淑庆, 冯炜, 李林, 崔宏志. 复合固废矿物掺合料替代粉煤灰抑制混凝土碱硅酸反应的机制[J]. 硅酸盐通报, 2026, 45(8): 2760-2769.

XU Qing, YANG Shuqing, FENG Wei, LI Lin, CUI Hongzhi. Mechanisms of Alkali-Silica Reaction Inhibition in Concrete Using Composite Solid-Waste Mineral Admixtures as Fly-Ash Replacements[J]. BULLETIN OF THE CHINESE CERAMIC SOCIETY, 2026, 45(8): 2760-2769.

图/表 10

图1 复合固废矿物掺合料和水泥的粒径分布

Fig.1 Particle size distribution of B-SCMs and cement

表1 复合固废矿物掺合料各项原材料与水泥的主要化学组成

Table 1 Main chemical composition of raw materials of B-SCMs and cement

Material	Mass fraction/%
Material	SiO₂	Al₂O₃	CaO	TiO₂	Fe₂O₃	MgO	K₂O	Na₂O
B-SCMs	45.34	25.26	15.18	4.24	3.31	2.92	1.57	0.35
Cement	20.29	3.77	62.08	0.28	4.43	3.75	0.77	0.38
Fly ash	44.98	29.77	4.45	3.28	10.06	0.95	2.35	1.67
Carbon slag	60.53	29.68	0.46	0.88	3.64	1.30	2.77	0.36
Granulated blast furnace slag	22.71	15.60	28.19	21.52	1.19	7.13	0.36	0.42
Stainless steel slag	25.34	8.20	45.88	4.12	2.78	7.83	0.43	0.47

图2 复合固废矿物掺合料与粉煤灰的火山灰活性

Fig.2 Pozzolanic activity of B-SCMs and FA

图3 不同比例复合固废矿物掺合料取代水泥对浆体水化热演化的影响

Fig.3 Effect of B-SCMs replacement levels on hydration heat evolution of cement paste

图4 不同条件下的砂浆棒碱硅酸反应膨胀率

Fig.4 Expansion rate of alkali-silica reaction of mortar bar under different conditions

图5 ASTM C1260条件下试样膨胀率随龄期变化

Fig.5 Expansion of specimens versus curing age under ASTM C1260

图6 不同替代率固废粉末的电感耦合等离子体质谱测定的元素含量分布

Fig.6 Elemental content determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for solid-waste powder with different proportion

图7 不同替代率固废粉末的抗压强度

Fig.7 Compressive strength of solid-waste powder with different proportion

图8 不同替代率固废粉末的孔隙率演化规律

Fig.8 Porosity evolution law of solid-waste powder with different proportion

图9 不同比例复合固废矿物掺合料体系在不同龄期下的DTG曲线

Fig.9 DTG curves of cementitious systems with different B-SCMs replacement levels at different curing ages

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复合固废矿物掺合料替代粉煤灰抑制混凝土碱硅酸反应的机制

Mechanisms of Alkali-Silica Reaction Inhibition in Concrete Using Composite Solid-Waste Mineral Admixtures as Fly-Ash Replacements

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