水玻璃参数对碱激发地聚物工作与力学性能的影响

doi:10.16552/j.cnki.issn1001-1625.2026.0190

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究碱激发剂参数对地聚物工作性能和力学性能的影响，以铁尾矿砂、煤矸石粉和高炉矿渣为原材料，采用固体水玻璃和液体水玻璃两种碱激发剂制备地聚物，分析水玻璃类型、模数和Na₂O掺量对地聚物凝结时间、流动度、抗压强度和抗折强度的影响规律，结合SEM和XRD揭示水玻璃激发地聚物强度形成机制。结果表明，随着水玻璃模数的增加，两种碱激发地聚物的凝结时间均增大，且液体水玻璃激发地聚物的流动度、抗压强度与抗折强度呈先上升后降低趋势，最佳模数为1.6，而固体水玻璃激发地聚物的流动度呈下降趋势，抗压强度与抗折强度呈先降低后上升趋势，最佳模数为0.6。随Na₂O掺量的增加，地聚物的凝结时间与流动度降低，抗压强度和抗折强度均升高，掺6%（质量分数）Na₂O的地聚物综合性能最佳。液体水玻璃激发地聚物的工作性能和力学性能优于固体水玻璃激发地聚物。两种水玻璃均通过影响地聚物水化反应进程调控地聚物强度形成，其中固体水玻璃因自身溶解速率受限，使水化凝胶产物分布不均，影响了地聚物强度发展。

关键词: 碱激发地聚物, 水玻璃参数, 凝结时间, 流动度, 力学性能, 作用机理

Abstract:

To investigate the influences of alkali activator parameters on the working performance and mechanical properties of geopolymers， the geopolymers were prepared using iron tailings sand， coal gangue powder， and blast furnace slag as raw materials， employing both solid water glass and liquid water glass as alkali activators. The effects of water glass types， modulus and Na₂O dosage on geopolymers setting time， flowability， compressive strength and flexural strength were analyzed. Additionally， SEM and XRD were conducted to reveal the strength development mechanism of water glass-excited geopolymers. The results indicate that as modulus of water glass increases， the setting time of both alkali-excited geopolymers extends. Liquid water glass-excited geopolymers exhibit a trend of initially increasing then decreasing flowability， compressive strength and flexural strength， with an optimum modulus of 1.6. Solid water glass-excited geopolymers show a decreasing trend in flowability， while compressive strength and flexural strength initially decreases then increases， with an optimum modulus of 0.6. As the Na₂O dosage increases， the setting time and flowability of the geopolymers decrease while both compressive and flexural strength increase. The geopolymers exhibits optimal performance when the Na₂O content is 6% （mass fraction）. Liquid water glass-excited geopolymers exhibit superior working performance and mechanical properties compared to solid water glass-excited geopolymers. Both solid and liquid water glass are employed to modulate geopolymer strength development by influencing the geopolymerization reaction kinetics. Notably， solid water glass exhibits a relatively low dissolution rate in the alkaline activation medium， resulting in heterogeneous distribution of reaction products and consequently impeding uniform strength gain.

Key words: alkali-excited geopolymer, water glass parameter, setting time, flowability, mechanical property, reaction mechanism

中图分类号:

TQ177

周辉勇, 王艳朝, 高华, 郭威, 凡涛涛, 司春棣, 马喜报. 水玻璃参数对碱激发地聚物工作与力学性能的影响[J]. 硅酸盐通报, 2026, 45(9): 3163-3173.

ZHOU Huiyong, WANG Yanchao, GAO Hua, GUO Wei, FAN Taotao, SI Chundi, MA Xibao. Influences of Water Glass Parameters on Working Performance and Mechanical Properties of Alkali-Excited Geopolymers[J]. BULLETIN OF THE CHINESE CERAMIC SOCIETY, 2026, 45(9): 3163-3173.

图/表 11

表1 原材料化学组成和基本物理性能

Table 1 Chemical composition and basic physical properties of raw materials

Material	Density/ （g·cm^-3）	Mass fraction/%									Activity index/%
Material	Density/ （g·cm^-3）	SiO₂	CaO	Al₂O₃	MgO	Na₂O	Fe₂O₃	K₂O	SO₃	Other	Activity index/%
Iron tailings sand	2.955	68.30	6.57	4.59	4.72	0.96	12.20	1.39	0.14	1.13	81.50
Coal gangue powder	2.430	61.50	1.55	21.00	2.55	1.52	5.55	4.40	0.22	1.71	89.28
Blast furnace slag	2.900	27.30	42.90	12.40	11.00	0.66	0.65	0.55	2.19	2.35	—

表2 水玻璃技术指标

Table 2 Technical specifications for water glass

Alkali activator	SiO₂ content/%	Na₂O content/%	Solid content/%	Density/（g·cm^-3）
YS	26.98	8.53	35.51	1.35
GS	49.80	25.40	—	0.83

图1 地聚物胶砂制备流程

Fig.1 Flowchart for preparation of geopolymers mortar

图2 不同水玻璃模数下地聚物凝结时间

Fig.2 Setting time of geopolymers under different water glass modulus conditions

图3 不同Na2O掺量下地聚物凝结时间

Fig.3 Setting time of geopolymers under different Na2O dosages

图4 模数对地聚物胶砂流动度的影响

Fig.4 Effect of modulus on flowability of geopolymers mortar

图5 Na2O掺量对地聚物胶砂流动度的影响

Fig.5 Effect of Na2O dosage on flowability of geopolymers mortar

图6 Na2O掺量对地聚物胶砂抗压强度的影响

Fig.6 Effect of Na2O dosage on compressive strength of geopolymers mortar

图7 Na2O掺量对地聚物胶砂抗折强度的影响

Fig.7 Effect of Na2O dosage on flexural strength of geopolymers mortar

图8 原材料和地聚物的XRD谱

Fig.8 XRD patterns of raw materials and geopolymers

图9 28 d龄期下不同水玻璃激发地聚物胶砂微观形貌

Fig.9 Morphology of geopolymers mortar activated by different water glass at 28 d age

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