冻融作用下钢-PVA混杂纤维增强混凝土与钢筋黏结性能试验研究

doi:10.16552/j.cnki.issn1001-1625.2025.1263

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为研究冻融作用下钢-聚乙烯醇混杂纤维增强混凝土（S-PVA HFRC）与钢筋的黏结性能，本文选取钢纤维体积率、PVA纤维体积率、矿粉取代率为正交试验因素设计并制作了75个S-PVA HFRC试件，对其进行不同次数冻融循环作用，并完成单调荷载下的中心拉拔试验。研究了不同参数下S-PVA HFRC试件中心拉拔试验的破坏形态、黏结强度、界面黏结刚度及韧性等，探讨了各参数对冻融作用下S-PVA HFRC黏结滑移力学性能的影响规律。结果表明：S-PVA HFRC试件均表现为钢筋拔出破坏；S-PVA HFRC试件黏结强度随冻融次数增加呈降低的趋势，在历经相同次数冻融循环后，S-PVA HFRC试件的黏结强度和峰值滑移均高于未掺纤维的混凝土试件，历经50次冻融循环后S-PVA HFRC试件黏结强度提升最为显著，相较于未掺纤维混凝土试件，钢纤维体积分数为1.3%、PVA纤维体积分数为0.2%、矿粉取代率为15%（质量分数）时S-PVA HFRC试件提升幅度最大，达53.75%；掺入混杂纤维能有效减缓冻融损伤对界面黏结刚度的影响，并显著提高试件的耗能能力；提出的考虑冻融作用下S-PVA HFRC与钢筋之间的黏结-滑移模型，与试验实测结果吻合良好。

关键词: 纤维增强混凝土, 钢纤维, PVA纤维, 矿粉, 冻融循环, 拉拔试验, 黏结-滑移模型

Abstract:

In order to investigate the bond performance between steel-polyvinyl alcohol hybrid fiber reinforced concrete （S-PVA HFRC） and steel bars under freeze-thaw cycles， 75 S-PVA HFRC specimens were designed and fabricated based on orthogonal test factors， namely steel fiber volume fraction， PVA fiber volume fraction， and mineral powder replacement rate. These specimens were subjected to freeze-thaw cycles with different numbers of cycles， followed by central pull-out tests under monotonic loading. The failure modes， bond strength， interfacial bond stiffness and toughness of S-PVA HFRC specimens under different test parameters were studied， and the influence of each parameter on the bond-slip mechanical behavior of S-PVA HFRC under freeze-thaw conditions was analyzed. The results show that all S-PVA HFRC specimens exhibit steel bar pull-out failure； the bond strength of S-PVA HFRC specimens decreases with the increase in the number of freeze-thaw cycles. After an identical number of freeze-thaw cycles， the bond strength and peak slip of S-PVA HFRC specimens are higher than those of fiber-free plain concrete specimens. After 50 freeze-thaw cycles， the bond strength of S-PVA HFRC specimens exhibit the most significant enhancement. Compared with fiber-free plain concrete specimens， the S-PVA HFRC specimens exhibit the greatest increase of 53.75% when the volume fraction of steel fiber is 1.3%， the volume fraction of PVA fiber is 0.2%， and the replacement rate of mineral powder is 15% （mass fraction）. The incorporation of hybrid fibers effectively mitigates the adverse effect of freeze-thaw damage on the interfacial bond stiffness and significantly improves the energy dissipation capacity of the specimens. A bond-slip model for the interface between S-PVA HFRC and steel bars under freeze-thaw conditions is proposed， which shows good agreement with the experimental results.

Key words: fiber reinforced concrete, steel fiber, PVA fiber, mineral powder, freeze-thaw cycle, pull-out test, bond-slip model

中图分类号:

TU528

许成祥, 王瑞, 许奇琦, 杨曌. 冻融作用下钢-PVA混杂纤维增强混凝土与钢筋黏结性能试验研究[J]. 硅酸盐通报, 2026, 45(7): 2260-2274.

XU Chengxiang, WANG Rui, XU Qiqi, YANG Zhao. Experimental Study on Bond Performance Between Steel-PVA Hybrid Fiber Reinforced Concrete and Steel Bars under Freeze-Thaw Cycles[J]. BULLETIN OF THE CHINESE CERAMIC SOCIETY, 2026, 45(7): 2260-2274.

图/表 27

图1 纤维和矿粉外观形状

Fig.1 Morphology of fibers and slag powder

表1 纤维性能参数

Table 1 Performance parameters of fibers

Item	Fiber type	Length/mm	Equivalent diameter/mm	Aspect ratio	Density/（g·cm^-3）	Tensile strength/MPa	Elastic modulus/GPa
Steel fiber	Milled wave type	36	0.6	60	7.8	660	200
PVA fiber	Bundled monofilament type	12	0.031	381.7	1.3	1 830	40

表2 混凝土基准配合比

Table 2 Reference mix proportion of concrete

Water-cement ratio	Material dosage/（kg·m^-3）					Sand ratio/%
Water-cement ratio	Cement	Coarse aggregate	Fine aggregate	Water	Water reducer	Sand ratio/%
0.407	396.2	1 263.1	594.4	161.3	5.6	32

表3 正交试验因素

Table 3 Factors of orthogonal test

Level	Factor
Level	Steel fiber content/%	PVA fiber content/%	Mineral powder content/%
1	0.8	0.1	15
2	1.3	0.2	30

表4 正交试验方案

Table 4 Orthogonal test scheme

Group	Steel fiber content/%	PVA fiber content/%	Mineral powder content/%
NC	—	—	—
A	0.8	0.1	15
B	0.8	0.2	30
C	1.3	0.1	30
D	1.3	0.2	15

图2 试件尺寸及构造

Fig.2 Dimensions and structure of specimens

图3 试件在冻融箱内放置方式

Fig.3 Placement of specimen placement in freezing-thawing box

图4 加载装置

Fig.4 Loading device

图5 不同次数冻融循环后NC组的外观形貌

Fig.5 Appearance and morphology of NC group after different freeze-thaw cycles

图6 100次冻融循环后S-PVA HFRC的外观形貌

Fig.6 Appearance and morphology of S-PVA HFRC after 100 freeze-thaw cycles

图7 试件破坏模式

Fig.7 Failure mode of specimens

表5 试验结果及破坏模式

Table 5 Experimental results and failure modes

Specimen group	Freeze-thaw cycle	Ultimate load average $P u$ /kN	Compressive strength average $f u$ /MPa	Ultimate bond strength average $τ u$ /MPa	Peak slip $s u$ /mm	Failure mode
NC-0	0	71.40	58.91	18.95	0.51	S
NC-25	25	61.76	55.83	16.39	0.80	S
NC-50	50	30.71	46.32	8.15	1.36	P
NC-75	75	30.18	29.01	8.01	1.76	P
NC-100	100	24.42	22.79	6.48	1.82	P
A-0	0	76.08	60.13	20.19	0.78	P
A-25	25	70.65	56.94	18.75	1.43	P
A-50	50	41.79	49.95	11.09	2.23	P
A-75	75	38.70	44.27	10.27	2.30	P
A-100	100	33.08	34.65	8.78	2.34	P
B-0	0	83.50	61.74	22.16	0.92	P
B-25	25	74.31	59.64	19.72	1.73	P
B-50	50	44.31	50.24	11.76	2.43	P
B-75	75	40.69	42.60	10.80	2.41	P
B-100	100	39.30	37.60	10.43	2.63	P
C-0	0	84.89	67.92	22.53	1.04	P
C-25	25	76.91	66.68	20.41	1.98	P
C-50	50	44.92	56.50	11.92	2.45	P
C-75	75	39.11	48.69	10.38	2.47	P
C-100	100	35.42	40.69	9.40	2.68	P
D-0	0	88.70	65.87	23.54	1.10	P
D-25	25	78.60	64.49	20.86	2.12	P
D-50	50	57.80	56.91	15.34	2.47	P
D-75	75	45.89	49.67	12.18	2.69	P
D-100	100	42.77	38.19	11.35	2.76	P

表5 试验结果及破坏模式

Table 5 Experimental results and failure modes

Specimen group	Freeze-thaw cycle	Ultimate load average $P u$ /kN	Compressive strength average $f u$ /MPa	Ultimate bond strength average $τ u$ /MPa	Peak slip $s u$ /mm	Failure mode
NC-0	0	71.40	58.91	18.95	0.51	S
NC-25	25	61.76	55.83	16.39	0.80	S
NC-50	50	30.71	46.32	8.15	1.36	P
NC-75	75	30.18	29.01	8.01	1.76	P
NC-100	100	24.42	22.79	6.48	1.82	P
A-0	0	76.08	60.13	20.19	0.78	P
A-25	25	70.65	56.94	18.75	1.43	P
A-50	50	41.79	49.95	11.09	2.23	P
A-75	75	38.70	44.27	10.27	2.30	P
A-100	100	33.08	34.65	8.78	2.34	P
B-0	0	83.50	61.74	22.16	0.92	P
B-25	25	74.31	59.64	19.72	1.73	P
B-50	50	44.31	50.24	11.76	2.43	P
B-75	75	40.69	42.60	10.80	2.41	P
B-100	100	39.30	37.60	10.43	2.63	P
C-0	0	84.89	67.92	22.53	1.04	P
C-25	25	76.91	66.68	20.41	1.98	P
C-50	50	44.92	56.50	11.92	2.45	P
C-75	75	39.11	48.69	10.38	2.47	P
C-100	100	35.42	40.69	9.40	2.68	P
D-0	0	88.70	65.87	23.54	1.10	P
D-25	25	78.60	64.49	20.86	2.12	P
D-50	50	57.80	56.91	15.34	2.47	P
D-75	75	45.89	49.67	12.18	2.69	P
D-100	100	42.77	38.19	11.35	2.76	P

表6 极限黏结强度极差分析结果

Table 6 Range analysis of ultimate bond strength

Index	Freeze-thaw cycle	Factor	$K 1$	$K 2$	Range R
Ultimate bond strength	0	Steel fiber	21.18	23.04	1.86
		PVA fiber	21.36	22.85	1.49
		Mineral powder	21.87	22.35	0.48
	25	Steel fiber	19.24	20.64	1.40
		PVA fiber	19.58	20.29	0.71
		Mineral powder	19.81	20.07	0.26
	50	Steel fiber	11.43	13.63	2.21
		PVA fiber	11.51	13.55	2.05
		Mineral powder	13.22	11.84	1.38
	75	Steel fiber	10.54	12.61	2.08
		PVA fiber	10.33	12.82	2.50
		Mineral powder	12.56	10.59	1.97
	100	Steel fiber	8.55	10.38	1.83
		PVA fiber	8.03	10.89	2.86
		Mineral powder	9.01	9.92	0.91

表6 极限黏结强度极差分析结果

Table 6 Range analysis of ultimate bond strength

Index	Freeze-thaw cycle	Factor	$K 1$	$K 2$	Range R
Ultimate bond strength	0	Steel fiber	21.18	23.04	1.86
		PVA fiber	21.36	22.85	1.49
		Mineral powder	21.87	22.35	0.48
	25	Steel fiber	19.24	20.64	1.40
		PVA fiber	19.58	20.29	0.71
		Mineral powder	19.81	20.07	0.26
	50	Steel fiber	11.43	13.63	2.21
		PVA fiber	11.51	13.55	2.05
		Mineral powder	13.22	11.84	1.38
	75	Steel fiber	10.54	12.61	2.08
		PVA fiber	10.33	12.82	2.50
		Mineral powder	12.56	10.59	1.97
	100	Steel fiber	8.55	10.38	1.83
		PVA fiber	8.03	10.89	2.86
		Mineral powder	9.01	9.92	0.91

图8 冻融循环次数对极限黏结强度的影响

Fig.8 Effect of number of freeze-thaw cycles on ultimate bond strength

图9 混杂纤维对极限黏结强度的影响

Fig.9 Effect of hybrid fibers on ultimate bond strength

表7 S-PVA HFRC试件的界面黏结刚度

Table 7 Interfacial bond stiffness of S-PVA HFRC specimens

Freeze-thaw cycle	Interfacial bond stiffness of S-PVA HFRC specimens after different freeze-thaw cycles $E B$ /（MPa·mm^-1）
Freeze-thaw cycle	Group NC	Group A	Group B	Group C	Group D
0	37.16	25.88	24.09	21.66	21.4
25	20.49	13.11	11.4	10.31	9.84
50	5.99	4.97	4.84	4.87	6.21
75	4.1	4.47	4.48	4.2	4.53
100	3.56	3.75	3.97	3.51	4.11

表7 S-PVA HFRC试件的界面黏结刚度

Table 7 Interfacial bond stiffness of S-PVA HFRC specimens

Freeze-thaw cycle	Interfacial bond stiffness of S-PVA HFRC specimens after different freeze-thaw cycles $E B$ /（MPa·mm^-1）
Freeze-thaw cycle	Group NC	Group A	Group B	Group C	Group D
0	37.16	25.88	24.09	21.66	21.4
25	20.49	13.11	11.4	10.31	9.84
50	5.99	4.97	4.84	4.87	6.21
75	4.1	4.47	4.48	4.2	4.53
100	3.56	3.75	3.97	3.51	4.11

图10 不同冻融循环次数后S-PVA HFRC试件界面黏结刚度

Fig.10 S-PVA HFRC interfacial bond stiffness with different freeze-thaw cycles

图11 纤维桥接效应

Fig.11 Fiber bridging effect

图12 耗能因子示意

Fig.12 Schematic of energy dissipation factor

表8 S-PVA HFRC试件的耗能因子

Table 8 Energy dissipation factor of S-PVA HFRC specimens

Freeze-thaw cycle	Energy dissipation factor of S-PVA HFRC specimens after different freeze-thaw cycles
Freeze-thaw cycle	Group NC	Group A	Group B	Group C	Group D
0	0.13	0.12	0.14	0.21	0.36
25	0.15	0.21	0.23	0.20	0.21
50	0.19	0.23	0.27	0.25	0.31
75	0.21	0.21	0.25	0.22	0.35
100	0.15	0.30	0.39	0.29	0.20

图13 不同冻融循环次数后S-PVA HFRC试件耗能因子

Fig.13 Energy dissipation factor of S-PVA HFRC specimens with different freeze-thaw cycles

图14 冻融循环后黏结强度拟合曲线

Fig.14 Fitting curves of bond strength after freeze-thaw cycles

表9 拟合值结果

Table 9 Fitted parameters

Group	$x 1$	$x 2$	Determination coefficient R²
N	0.025 2	0.728 6	0.894 0
A	0.011 7	0.857 3	0.895 4
B	0.021 9	0.713 5	0.885 3
C	0.015 3	0.809 5	0.902 3
D	0.011 3	0.845 5	0.958 9

表9 拟合值结果

Table 9 Fitted parameters

Group	$x 1$	$x 2$	Determination coefficient R²
N	0.025 2	0.728 6	0.894 0
A	0.011 7	0.857 3	0.895 4
B	0.021 9	0.713 5	0.885 3
C	0.015 3	0.809 5	0.902 3
D	0.011 3	0.845 5	0.958 9

表10 S-PVA HFRC试件黏结应力-滑移上升段曲线的决定系数R2

Table 10 R2 for ascending branch of bond stress-slip response of S-PVA HFRC specimens

Freeze-thaw cycle	R²
Freeze-thaw cycle	Group NC	Group A	Group B	Group C	Group D
0	0.970	0.985	0.961	0.973	0.965
25	0.943	0.960	0.977	0.967	0.982
50	0.979	0.936	0.980	0.948	0.964
75	0.978	0.986	0.979	0.985	0.971
100	0.993	0.958	0.967	0.971	0.864

图15 S-PVA HFRC试件黏结应力-滑移上升段曲线拟合

Fig.15 Fitting of bond stress-slip ascending branch curves for S-PVA HFRC specimens

表11 S-PVA HFRC试件黏结应力-滑移下降段曲线的决定系数R2

Table 11 R2 for descending branch of bond stress-slip response of S-PVA HFRC specimens

Freeze-thaw cycle	R²
Freeze-thaw cycle	Group NC	Group A	Group B	Group C	Group D
0	0.935	0.924	0.948	0.992	0.974
25	0.943	0.987	0.964	0.906	0.987
50	0.959	0.925	0.930	0.945	0.945
75	0.771	0.935	0.917	0.939	0.869
100	0.889	0.90	0.994	0.992	0.865

图16 S-PVA HFRC试件黏结应力-滑移下降段曲线拟合

Fig.16 Fitting curves of bond stress-slip descending branch curves for S-PVA HFRC specimens

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