硅酸盐通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (6): 2141-2150.DOI: 10.16552/j.cnki.issn1001-1625.2025.1219
孙思嘉1(
), 甄宇1(
), 王道静2, 沈毅2, 赵骞1, 韦婷婷1, 马涛2, 单万宁2, 陆平3, 许银生3
收稿日期:2025-12-05
修订日期:2026-01-29
出版日期:2026-06-15
发布日期:2026-07-14
通信作者:
甄宇,工程师。E-mail:yuzhen@ustc.edu.cn作者简介:孙思嘉(1995—),女,工程师。主要从事电气绝缘子方面的研究。E-mail:sunsj2343@163.com
基金资助:
SUN Sijia1(
), ZHEN Yu1(
), WANG Daojing2, SHEN Yi2, ZHAO Qian1, WEI Tingting1, MA Tao2, SHAN Wanning2, LU Ping3, XU Yinsheng3
Received:2025-12-05
Revised:2026-01-29
Published:2026-06-15
Online:2026-07-14
摘要:
绝缘子是一种能够耐受高压和机械应力作用的特殊绝缘控件,在架空输电线路中起重要作用。然而,传统的钢化玻璃绝缘子容易自爆,陶瓷绝缘子质量大、不透明,难以发现细小裂缝及内部缺陷和损伤,因此迫切需要开发具有高电气强度和高机械强度的透明绝缘材料。本工作选取钠钙硅体系(Na2O-2CaO-3SiO2)作为基质材料,通过引入成核剂和设计合理的热处理制度制备了一系列微晶玻璃,利用Al2O3与K2O调控样品的机械与电气性能,系统地探究了K2O的引入与热处理工艺对微晶玻璃的析晶行为、微观结构、抗弯强度、击穿强度及电气性能的影响。结果表明:随着K2O引入量的增大,Na+和K+共存产生混合碱效应,样品的体积电阻率上升。微晶化后样品透过率在500 nm处大于50%,体积电阻率大于1×1011 Ω·m,抗弯强度大于120 MPa,维氏硬度大于6 GPa,相对介电常数为7~9(1 MHz),电击穿强度大于20 kV/mm,有望应用于高压电网体系输变电设备中的绝缘子材料领域。
中图分类号:
孙思嘉, 甄宇, 王道静, 沈毅, 赵骞, 韦婷婷, 马涛, 单万宁, 陆平, 许银生. 钠钙硅透明微晶玻璃的力学和电气性能调控研究[J]. 硅酸盐通报, 2026, 45(6): 2141-2150.
SUN Sijia, ZHEN Yu, WANG Daojing, SHEN Yi, ZHAO Qian, WEI Tingting, MA Tao, SHAN Wanning, LU Ping, XU Yinsheng. Mechanical and Electrical Properties Regulation of Soda-Lime-Silica Transparent Glass-Ceramics[J]. BULLETIN OF THE CHINESE CERAMIC SOCIETY, 2026, 45(6): 2141-2150.
| Sample | Mole fraction/% | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Na2O | CaO | SiO2 | TiO2 | ZrO2 | Al2O3 | K2O | |
| NCS | 16.50 | 33.50 | 50.00 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| K0 | 16.24 | 32.96 | 45.26 | 1.97 | 1.97 | 1.60 | 0 |
| K1 | 16.14 | 32.77 | 44.99 | 1.96 | 1.96 | 1.59 | 0.59 |
| K2 | 16.05 | 32.58 | 44.73 | 1.95 | 1.95 | 1.58 | 1.16 |
| K3 | 15.96 | 32.39 | 44.48 | 1.93 | 1.93 | 1.57 | 1.74 |
| K4 | 15.87 | 31.21 | 44.22 | 1.92 | 1.92 | 1.56 | 2.30 |
表1 NCS玻璃样品组成
Table 1 Compositions of NCS glass samples
| Sample | Mole fraction/% | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Na2O | CaO | SiO2 | TiO2 | ZrO2 | Al2O3 | K2O | |
| NCS | 16.50 | 33.50 | 50.00 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| K0 | 16.24 | 32.96 | 45.26 | 1.97 | 1.97 | 1.60 | 0 |
| K1 | 16.14 | 32.77 | 44.99 | 1.96 | 1.96 | 1.59 | 0.59 |
| K2 | 16.05 | 32.58 | 44.73 | 1.95 | 1.95 | 1.58 | 1.16 |
| K3 | 15.96 | 32.39 | 44.48 | 1.93 | 1.93 | 1.57 | 1.74 |
| K4 | 15.87 | 31.21 | 44.22 | 1.92 | 1.92 | 1.56 | 2.30 |
| Sample | HV/GPa | ε | ρ/(Ω·m) | tan δ/10-3 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PG | GC | PG | GC | PG | GC | PG | GC | |
| K1 | 5.8 | 6.8 | 8.4 | 8.1 | 2.16×1010 | 3.40×1011 | 1.09 | 0.55 |
| K2 | 5.6 | 6.7 | 8.1 | 7.6 | 2.55×1010 | 1.96×1011 | 1.68 | 0.16 |
| K3 | 5.5 | 5.7 | 7.9 | 7.5 | 2.75×1010 | 1.39×1011 | 2.15 | 0.09 |
| K4 | 5.2 | 5.3 | 7.8 | 7.9 | 1.12×1010 | 3.14×1011 | 1.39 | 0.07 |
表2 K1~K4玻璃与微晶玻璃(600 ℃/20 h、680 ℃/2 h)样品的硬度、电阻率与介电性能
Table 2 Hardness, electrical resistivity and dielectric properties of K1~K4 PG and GC (600 ℃/20 h, 680 ℃/2 h) samples
| Sample | HV/GPa | ε | ρ/(Ω·m) | tan δ/10-3 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PG | GC | PG | GC | PG | GC | PG | GC | |
| K1 | 5.8 | 6.8 | 8.4 | 8.1 | 2.16×1010 | 3.40×1011 | 1.09 | 0.55 |
| K2 | 5.6 | 6.7 | 8.1 | 7.6 | 2.55×1010 | 1.96×1011 | 1.68 | 0.16 |
| K3 | 5.5 | 5.7 | 7.9 | 7.5 | 2.75×1010 | 1.39×1011 | 2.15 | 0.09 |
| K4 | 5.2 | 5.3 | 7.8 | 7.9 | 1.12×1010 | 3.14×1011 | 1.39 | 0.07 |
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