硅酸盐通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (3): 946-960.DOI: 10.16552/j.cnki.issn1001-1625.2025.1105
马俊艺1(
), 芦建超1, 王宏妮1, 师彦春2, 郭爱民2, 郑秋菊1(
)
收稿日期:2025-11-12
修订日期:2026-01-20
出版日期:2026-03-20
发布日期:2026-04-10
通信作者:
郑秋菊,博士,教授。E-mail:qlzhengqj@163.com作者简介:马俊艺(2000—),男,硕士研究生。主要从事氧化物玻璃方面的研究。E-mail:18264103703@163.com
基金资助:
MA Junyi1(
), LU Jianchao1, WANG Hongni1, SHI Yanchun2, GUO Aimin2, ZHENG Qiuju1(
)
Received:2025-11-12
Revised:2026-01-20
Published:2026-03-20
Online:2026-04-10
摘要:
氧化铌(Nb2O5)作为一种结构独特、性能卓越的功能性氧化物,在推动新一代高性能玻璃与微晶玻璃发展方面展现出巨大潜力。本文系统综述了含铌玻璃与微晶玻璃的最新研究进展。首先,深入解析了Nb5+在不同玻璃基质(如硅酸盐、碲酸盐、磷酸盐)中的配位状态与网络角色演变规律,揭示了场强匹配原则、电荷补偿机制等对热稳定性、化学耐久性的构效关系。其次,重点评述了Nb5+在提升折射率、增强三阶非线性光学响应及优化稀土离子发光方面的协同调控机制,揭示了Nb—O—RE键合拓扑对局域晶体场的剪裁效应。进而,详细探讨了基于玻璃态结构遗传性的析晶动力学,以及飞秒激光诱导结晶技术在实现LiNbO3铁电晶相三维图案化、亚微米精度方面的革命性突破,阐明了激光诱导Marangoni对流驱动周期性自组织的物理机制。最后,展望了含铌玻璃和微晶玻璃领域在跨尺度计算设计、新材料体系探索及多功能集成器件等方向的未来发展趋势,旨在为含铌玻璃和微晶玻璃的深入研究与创新应用提供参考。
中图分类号:
马俊艺, 芦建超, 王宏妮, 师彦春, 郭爱民, 郑秋菊. 氧化铌对玻璃和微晶玻璃结构、光学性能和电学性能的影响[J]. 硅酸盐通报, 2026, 45(3): 946-960.
MA Junyi, LU Jianchao, WANG Hongni, SHI Yanchun, GUO Aimin, ZHENG Qiuju. Impact of Niobium Oxide on Structure, Optical Performance and Electrical Performance of Glass and Glass-Ceramics[J]. BULLETIN OF THE CHINESE CERAMIC SOCIETY, 2026, 45(3): 946-960.
图1 两类含氧化铌锂硅酸盐玻璃的 29Si 魔角旋转核磁共振(MAS NMR)谱图[9]
Fig.1 29Si magic-angle-spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS NMR) spectra of two series of niobium oxide-containing lithium silicate glass[9]
| 玻璃体系 | Nb5+主要配位多面体 | 关键结构特征 | 对性能的主要影响 | 参考文献 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TeO2-P2O5-ZnO-LiNbO3 | [NbO6]八面体 | 稀土掺杂改变Te原子配位,提高网络堆积密度 | 降低正电子阱浓度,改变自由体积效应 | [ |
| TeO2-LiNbO3-BaF2-La2O3 | [NbO6]八面体 | 通过形成Te—O—Nb 键与 [NbO6] 八面体强化玻璃网络 | 结构稳定性得到提升,发光性能系统性变化 | [ |
| NaPO3-Nb2O5 | [NbO6]八面体为主 | 形成Nb—O—Nb、Nb—O—P键,随氧化铌含量增加而聚集形成团簇 | 大幅提升三阶非线性光学系数、化学稳定性与玻璃转变温度 | [ |
| Li2O-SiO2-Nb2O5 | [NbO6]八面体 | 促使Si—O网络重聚,形成更紧密的网络结构 | 显著提高化学稳定性和折射率(nd=1.75~1.85),玻璃转变温度提升至500~520 ℃,优化高温流变性能 | [ |
SrO-TeO2-B2O3-P2O5 (Eu3+掺杂) | 网络修饰体/纳米团簇形成体 | Nb5+作为网络修饰体破坏[BO3]三角体聚合,形成孤立[BO4]-四面体;同时形成强Nb—O键(键能~850 kJ/mol)构成的纳米团簇 | 显著提升玻璃密度与辐射屏蔽性能,对0.867 MeV γ射线的线衰减系数达29.609 cm-1,优于传统铅玻璃;建立的“Nb—O键极化率-屏蔽效率”模型预测偏差小于5% | [ |
Na2O-MgO-CaO-P2O5 (含Al, Nb) | 网络形成体向修饰体转变 | Al3+优先占据磷酸盐网络形成Al—O—P键,驱动Nb5+从网络形成体被迫转变为网络修饰体,引发结构重排 | Nb—O—P 键合强化网络,使 Tg从 485 ℃提升至532 ℃,脆性指数降低;Nb5+释放速率突增2.3倍(0.12 mg/L→0.28 mg/L),优化生物活性离子释放行为 | [ |
| SiO2-CaO-Na2O-P2O5-CaF2-SrO (含Nb) | 网络中间体/修饰体 | Nb5+同时扮演网络中间体与修饰体双重角色,提升网络连接度;与Sr2+形成Nb—O—Sr桥键,调控离子释放动力学 | 实现溶解行为从扩散控制到侵蚀控制的转变;降低Si4+初始释放速率,显著促进致密羟基磷灰石层形成 | [ |
表1 氧化铌在不同玻璃体系中的结构角色与影响
Table 1 Structural role and effect of niobium oxide in various glass systems
| 玻璃体系 | Nb5+主要配位多面体 | 关键结构特征 | 对性能的主要影响 | 参考文献 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TeO2-P2O5-ZnO-LiNbO3 | [NbO6]八面体 | 稀土掺杂改变Te原子配位,提高网络堆积密度 | 降低正电子阱浓度,改变自由体积效应 | [ |
| TeO2-LiNbO3-BaF2-La2O3 | [NbO6]八面体 | 通过形成Te—O—Nb 键与 [NbO6] 八面体强化玻璃网络 | 结构稳定性得到提升,发光性能系统性变化 | [ |
| NaPO3-Nb2O5 | [NbO6]八面体为主 | 形成Nb—O—Nb、Nb—O—P键,随氧化铌含量增加而聚集形成团簇 | 大幅提升三阶非线性光学系数、化学稳定性与玻璃转变温度 | [ |
| Li2O-SiO2-Nb2O5 | [NbO6]八面体 | 促使Si—O网络重聚,形成更紧密的网络结构 | 显著提高化学稳定性和折射率(nd=1.75~1.85),玻璃转变温度提升至500~520 ℃,优化高温流变性能 | [ |
SrO-TeO2-B2O3-P2O5 (Eu3+掺杂) | 网络修饰体/纳米团簇形成体 | Nb5+作为网络修饰体破坏[BO3]三角体聚合,形成孤立[BO4]-四面体;同时形成强Nb—O键(键能~850 kJ/mol)构成的纳米团簇 | 显著提升玻璃密度与辐射屏蔽性能,对0.867 MeV γ射线的线衰减系数达29.609 cm-1,优于传统铅玻璃;建立的“Nb—O键极化率-屏蔽效率”模型预测偏差小于5% | [ |
Na2O-MgO-CaO-P2O5 (含Al, Nb) | 网络形成体向修饰体转变 | Al3+优先占据磷酸盐网络形成Al—O—P键,驱动Nb5+从网络形成体被迫转变为网络修饰体,引发结构重排 | Nb—O—P 键合强化网络,使 Tg从 485 ℃提升至532 ℃,脆性指数降低;Nb5+释放速率突增2.3倍(0.12 mg/L→0.28 mg/L),优化生物活性离子释放行为 | [ |
| SiO2-CaO-Na2O-P2O5-CaF2-SrO (含Nb) | 网络中间体/修饰体 | Nb5+同时扮演网络中间体与修饰体双重角色,提升网络连接度;与Sr2+形成Nb—O—Sr桥键,调控离子释放动力学 | 实现溶解行为从扩散控制到侵蚀控制的转变;降低Si4+初始释放速率,显著促进致密羟基磷灰石层形成 | [ |
图3 不同测量温度下HT575(热处理温度为575 ℃)样品Z"与Z'的关系曲线[45]
Fig.3 Relationship curves between Z" and Z' at different measurement temperatures for HT575 samples (heat treatment temperature: 575 ℃)[45]
图4 (a)30SiO2-35Li2O-35Nb2O5玻璃样品的介电常数实部与频率的关系图;(b)30SiO2-35Li2O-35Nb2O5玻璃样品的介电常数虚部与频率的关系图[51]
Fig.4 (a) Plot of real part of dielectric constant versus frequency for 30SiO2-35Li2O-35Nb2O5 glass sample; (b) plot of imaginary part of dielectric constant versus frequency for 30SiO2-35Li2O-35Nb2O5 glass sample[51]
| 玻璃体系 | 主要晶相 | 关键性能指标 | 应用潜力 | 参考文献 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LiBO2-Nb2O5 | LiNbO3 | 观察到铁电磁滞回线,热释电响应 | 铁电存储器,微执行器 | [ |
| TeO2-LiNbO3 | LiNbO3 | 强热释电响应,显著二次谐波产生 | 非线性光学器件,热释电传感器 | [ |
| SiO2-Li2O-Nb2O5(热电处理) | LiNbO3 | 电场诱导晶体取向生长,介电常数提升 | 可调介电器件,智能传感器 | [ |
| SiO2-Li2O-Nb2O2 | LiNbO3 | 有效二阶非线性光学系数deff=5.25 pm/V | 光学波导,倍频器,电光调制器 | [ |
| 30SiO2-35Li2O-35Nb2O5 | LiNbO3 | 介电常数约等于30,介电损耗小于0.01 | 高能密度储能电容器 | [ |
| LiNbO3-SiO2-Al2O3 | LiNbO₃纳米晶 | 晶粒尺寸小于100 nm,相对介电常数在80~180 | 透明铁电器件,光学存储 | [ |
| Li2O-Nb2O5-B2O3 | LiNbO3 | Eu3+/Eu2+比例可调,实现白光发射 | 白光LED,显示器件 | [ |
表2 含铌微晶玻璃的代表性性能总结
Table 2 Summary of representative properties of niobium-containing glass-ceramics
| 玻璃体系 | 主要晶相 | 关键性能指标 | 应用潜力 | 参考文献 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LiBO2-Nb2O5 | LiNbO3 | 观察到铁电磁滞回线,热释电响应 | 铁电存储器,微执行器 | [ |
| TeO2-LiNbO3 | LiNbO3 | 强热释电响应,显著二次谐波产生 | 非线性光学器件,热释电传感器 | [ |
| SiO2-Li2O-Nb2O5(热电处理) | LiNbO3 | 电场诱导晶体取向生长,介电常数提升 | 可调介电器件,智能传感器 | [ |
| SiO2-Li2O-Nb2O2 | LiNbO3 | 有效二阶非线性光学系数deff=5.25 pm/V | 光学波导,倍频器,电光调制器 | [ |
| 30SiO2-35Li2O-35Nb2O5 | LiNbO3 | 介电常数约等于30,介电损耗小于0.01 | 高能密度储能电容器 | [ |
| LiNbO3-SiO2-Al2O3 | LiNbO₃纳米晶 | 晶粒尺寸小于100 nm,相对介电常数在80~180 | 透明铁电器件,光学存储 | [ |
| Li2O-Nb2O5-B2O3 | LiNbO3 | Eu3+/Eu2+比例可调,实现白光发射 | 白光LED,显示器件 | [ |
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