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硅酸盐通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (6): 2141-2150.DOI: 10.16552/j.cnki.issn1001-1625.2025.1219

• 玻璃 • 上一篇    下一篇

钠钙硅透明微晶玻璃的力学和电气性能调控研究

孙思嘉1(), 甄宇1(), 王道静2, 沈毅2, 赵骞1, 韦婷婷1, 马涛2, 单万宁2, 陆平3, 许银生3   

  1. 1.国网安徽省电力有限公司电力科学研究院,合肥 230601
    2.国网安徽省电力有限公司淮北供电公司,淮北 235099
    3.武汉理工大学硅酸盐科学与先进建材全国重点实验室,武汉 430070
  • 收稿日期:2025-12-05 修订日期:2026-01-29 出版日期:2026-06-15 发布日期:2026-07-14
  • 通信作者: 甄宇,工程师。E-mail:yuzhen@ustc.edu.cn
    许银生,研究员。E-mail:xuyinshengwhut.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:孙思嘉(1995—),女,工程师。主要从事电气绝缘子方面的研究。E-mail:sunsj2343@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国网安徽省电力有限公司科技项目(SGAHHB00YWJS2500539)

Mechanical and Electrical Properties Regulation of Soda-Lime-Silica Transparent Glass-Ceramics

SUN Sijia1(), ZHEN Yu1(), WANG Daojing2, SHEN Yi2, ZHAO Qian1, WEI Tingting1, MA Tao2, SHAN Wanning2, LU Ping3, XU Yinsheng3   

  1. 1.Electric Power Research Institute,State Grid Anhui Electric Power Co.,Ltd.,Hefei 230601,China
    2.Huaibei Power Supply Company,State Grid Anhui Electric Power Co.,Ltd.,Huaibei 235099,China
    3.State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures,Wuhan University of Technology,Wuhan 430070,China
  • Received:2025-12-05 Revised:2026-01-29 Published:2026-06-15 Online:2026-07-14

摘要:

绝缘子是一种能够耐受高压和机械应力作用的特殊绝缘控件,在架空输电线路中起重要作用。然而,传统的钢化玻璃绝缘子容易自爆,陶瓷绝缘子质量大、不透明,难以发现细小裂缝及内部缺陷和损伤,因此迫切需要开发具有高电气强度和高机械强度的透明绝缘材料。本工作选取钠钙硅体系(Na2O-2CaO-3SiO2)作为基质材料,通过引入成核剂和设计合理的热处理制度制备了一系列微晶玻璃,利用Al2O3与K2O调控样品的机械与电气性能,系统地探究了K2O的引入与热处理工艺对微晶玻璃的析晶行为、微观结构、抗弯强度、击穿强度及电气性能的影响。结果表明:随着K2O引入量的增大,Na+和K+共存产生混合碱效应,样品的体积电阻率上升。微晶化后样品透过率在500 nm处大于50%,体积电阻率大于1×1011 Ω·m,抗弯强度大于120 MPa,维氏硬度大于6 GPa,相对介电常数为7~9(1 MHz),电击穿强度大于20 kV/mm,有望应用于高压电网体系输变电设备中的绝缘子材料领域。

关键词: K2O, 微晶玻璃, 绝缘子, 析晶行为, 电气性能, 击穿强度

Abstract:

Insulators are specialized insulating components capable of withstanding high voltage and mechanical stress, playing a significant role in overhead transmission lines. However, traditional tempered glass insulators are prone to self-explosion, while ceramic insulators are heavy and opaque, making it difficult to detect fine cracks as well as internal defects and damage. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop transparent insulating materials with high electrical strength and high mechanical strength. In this work, the soda-lime-silica glass (Na2O-2CaO-3SiO2) was selected as the matrix material. A series of glass-ceramics were prepared by introducing nucleating agents and designing appropriate heat treatment schedules. The mechanical and electrical properties of the glass samples were regulated by Al2O3 and K2O. The influence of K2O and heat treatment process on the crystallization behavior, microstructure, bending strength, breakdown strength and electrical properties of glass-ceramics was systematically explored. The results show that with the increase of K2O content, the mixed alkali effect arising from the coexistence of Na+ and K+ leads to an increase in the volume resistivity of the sample. After crystallization, the samples exhibit a transmittance greater than 50% at 500 nm, a volume resistivity greater than 1×1011 Ω·m, a bending strength greater than 120 MPa, a Vickers hardness greater than 6 GPa, a relative dielectric constant of 7~9 (at 1 MHz), and an electrical breakdown strength greater than 20 kV/mm. These materials show promise for application in the field of insulator materials for power transmission and transformation equipment in high-voltage power grid systems.

Key words: K2O, glass-ceramics, insulator, crystallization behavior, electrical performance, breakdown strength

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