硅酸盐通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (9): 3317-3329.DOI: 10.16552/j.cnki.issn1001-1625.2026.0186
董勇刚1(
), 贾红军1, 潘雅婷2, 马希凯2, 江辉1, 周强3, 陈潇2,4,5(
)
收稿日期:2026-03-02
修订日期:2026-04-22
出版日期:2026-09-15
发布日期:2026-10-09
通信作者:
陈 潇,博士,教授。E-mail:chenxiao1981@whut.edu.cn作者简介:董勇刚(1979—),男,正高级工程师。主要从事道路工程的研究。E-mail:1397394048@qq.com
基金资助:
DONG Yonggang1(
), JIA Hongjun1, PAN Yating2, MA Xikai2, JIANG Hui1, ZHOU Qiang3, CHEN Xiao2,4,5(
)
Received:2026-03-02
Revised:2026-04-22
Published:2026-09-15
Online:2026-10-09
摘要:
针对铁尾矿砂稳定材料存在的强度偏低、强度增长率不足及收缩较大等问题,采用普通硅酸盐水泥熟料、粒化高炉矿渣粉和石膏制备复合固化剂,研究了固化剂的材料组成及掺量对铁尾矿砂基层混合料的力学性能、体积稳定性及耐久性的影响。结果表明:随着熟料掺量的增加,固化剂稳定铁尾矿砂的力学性能显著提升;石膏掺量存在最佳值,当石膏掺量为15%(质量分数)时,固化剂稳定铁尾矿砂的7 d无侧限抗压强度达到3.43 MPa。且随着石膏掺量的增加,固化剂稳定铁尾矿砂的干燥收缩得到明显改善;优选出固化剂的合适配比为m(熟料)∶m(矿粉)∶m(石膏)=15∶70∶15。与同掺量水泥稳定铁尾矿砂基层相比,固化剂稳定铁尾矿砂180 d的强度增长率最高提升了46.26%,干燥收缩应变最大降低了41.47%,水稳性与抗冻性有一定程度改善。微观分析表明,固化剂稳定铁尾矿砂在后期形成大量C-S-H凝胶,显著提升了后期强度增长率。同时,石膏参与反应在早期生成大量针棒状的钙矾石晶体,产生微膨胀,有效补偿了铁尾矿砂基层混合料的干燥收缩,显著降低了铁尾矿砂基层混合料的开裂风险。
中图分类号:
董勇刚, 贾红军, 潘雅婷, 马希凯, 江辉, 周强, 陈潇. 铁尾矿砂稳定用复合固化剂的设计与应用[J]. 硅酸盐通报, 2026, 45(9): 3317-3329.
DONG Yonggang, JIA Hongjun, PAN Yating, MA Xikai, JIANG Hui, ZHOU Qiang, CHEN Xiao. Design and Application of Composite Solidified Agent for Stabilizing Iron Tailings Sand[J]. BULLETIN OF THE CHINESE CERAMIC SOCIETY, 2026, 45(9): 3317-3329.
| Chemical composition | SiO2 | CaO | Fe2O3 | Al2O3 | Na2O | SO3 | MgO |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mass fraction/% | 36.60 | 25.90 | 22.93 | 8.59 | 1.63 | 0.53 | 0.86 |
表1 铁尾矿砂的主要化学成分
Table 1 Main chemical composition of iron tailings sand
| Chemical composition | SiO2 | CaO | Fe2O3 | Al2O3 | Na2O | SO3 | MgO |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mass fraction/% | 36.60 | 25.90 | 22.93 | 8.59 | 1.63 | 0.53 | 0.86 |
| Raw material | Apparent density/(g·cm-3) | Moisture mass fraction/% | Mud mass fraction/% |
|---|---|---|---|
| Iron tailings sand | 3.1 | 4.0 | 14.1 |
表2 铁尾矿砂的物理性能
Table 2 Physical properties of iron tailings sand
| Raw material | Apparent density/(g·cm-3) | Moisture mass fraction/% | Mud mass fraction/% |
|---|---|---|---|
| Iron tailings sand | 3.1 | 4.0 | 14.1 |
| Material | Mass fraction/% | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SiO2 | CaO | Fe2O3 | Al2O3 | SO3 | MgO | |
| Cement | 17.59 | 60.62 | 5.33 | 4.58 | 2.65 | 2.67 |
| Slag | 31.50 | 38.25 | 3.60 | 15.80 | 1.25 | 6.80 |
| Clinker | 21.35 | 64.52 | 3.82 | 5.68 | 1.25 | 2.13 |
| Gypsum | 0.43 | 41.62 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 55.53 | 0.03 |
表3 胶凝材料的主要化学成分
Table 3 Main chemical composition of cementitious materials
| Material | Mass fraction/% | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SiO2 | CaO | Fe2O3 | Al2O3 | SO3 | MgO | |
| Cement | 17.59 | 60.62 | 5.33 | 4.58 | 2.65 | 2.67 |
| Slag | 31.50 | 38.25 | 3.60 | 15.80 | 1.25 | 6.80 |
| Clinker | 21.35 | 64.52 | 3.82 | 5.68 | 1.25 | 2.13 |
| Gypsum | 0.43 | 41.62 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 55.53 | 0.03 |
| Physical property | Apparent density/ (g∙cm-3) | Specific surface area/(m2∙kg-1) | Setting time/min | Compressive strength/MPa | Flexural strength/MPa | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Initial setting time | Final setting time | 7 d | 28 d | 7 d | 28 d | |||
| Measured value | 3.12 | 337 | 173 | 280 | 35.3 | 51.6 | 7.2 | 9.3 |
表4 水泥的物理性能
Table 4 Physical properties of cement
| Physical property | Apparent density/ (g∙cm-3) | Specific surface area/(m2∙kg-1) | Setting time/min | Compressive strength/MPa | Flexural strength/MPa | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Initial setting time | Final setting time | 7 d | 28 d | 7 d | 28 d | |||
| Measured value | 3.12 | 337 | 173 | 280 | 35.3 | 51.6 | 7.2 | 9.3 |
| Material | Apparent density/(g∙cm-3) | Specific surface area/(m2∙kg-1) | Moisture mass fraction/% | 28 d activity index/% |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Slag | 2.89 | 475 | 0.4 | 97.3 |
| Clinker | 3.15 | 376 | — | — |
| Gypsum | 2.32 | 915 | 1.5 | — |
表5 其他胶凝材料的物理性能
Table 5 Physical properties of other cementitious materials
| Material | Apparent density/(g∙cm-3) | Specific surface area/(m2∙kg-1) | Moisture mass fraction/% | 28 d activity index/% |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Slag | 2.89 | 475 | 0.4 | 97.3 |
| Clinker | 3.15 | 376 | — | — |
| Gypsum | 2.32 | 915 | 1.5 | — |
| Sample No. | Mass fraction/% | Optimum moisture content/% | Maximum dry density/(g∙cm-3) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clinker | Slag | Gypsum | |||
| SL-7.5 | 7.5 | 77.5 | 15 | 8.52 | 1.968 |
| SL-15 | 15 | 70 | 15 | 8.58 | 1.971 |
| SL-20 | 20 | 65 | 15 | 8.54 | 1.967 |
| SL-35 | 35 | 50 | 15 | 8.52 | 1.970 |
| SL-50 | 50 | 35 | 15 | 8.57 | 1.966 |
| SG-8 | 15 | 77 | 8 | 8.59 | 1.962 |
| SG-10 | 15 | 75 | 10 | 8.55 | 1.970 |
| SG-15 | 15 | 70 | 15 | 8.58 | 1.971 |
| SG-20 | 15 | 65 | 20 | 8.54 | 1.965 |
| SG-30 | 15 | 55 | 30 | 8.56 | 1.969 |
| SG-40 | 15 | 45 | 40 | 8.56 | 1.967 |
表6 固化剂配合比
Table 6 Mix proportion of solidified agent
| Sample No. | Mass fraction/% | Optimum moisture content/% | Maximum dry density/(g∙cm-3) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clinker | Slag | Gypsum | |||
| SL-7.5 | 7.5 | 77.5 | 15 | 8.52 | 1.968 |
| SL-15 | 15 | 70 | 15 | 8.58 | 1.971 |
| SL-20 | 20 | 65 | 15 | 8.54 | 1.967 |
| SL-35 | 35 | 50 | 15 | 8.52 | 1.970 |
| SL-50 | 50 | 35 | 15 | 8.57 | 1.966 |
| SG-8 | 15 | 77 | 8 | 8.59 | 1.962 |
| SG-10 | 15 | 75 | 10 | 8.55 | 1.970 |
| SG-15 | 15 | 70 | 15 | 8.58 | 1.971 |
| SG-20 | 15 | 65 | 20 | 8.54 | 1.965 |
| SG-30 | 15 | 55 | 30 | 8.56 | 1.969 |
| SG-40 | 15 | 45 | 40 | 8.56 | 1.967 |
| Sample No. | Mass fraction/% | Optimum moisture content/% | Maximum dry density/(g∙cm-3) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cement | Solidified agent | Iron tailings sand | |||
| G-8 | 0 | 8 | 92 | 8.25 | 1.920 |
| G-10 | 0 | 10 | 90 | 8.58 | 1.971 |
| G-12 | 0 | 12 | 88 | 8.91 | 2.052 |
| P-8 | 8 | 0 | 92 | 8.23 | 1.916 |
| P-10 | 10 | 0 | 90 | 8.52 | 1.964 |
| P-12 | 12 | 0 | 88 | 8.87 | 2.045 |
表7 不同结合料类型及掺量下铁尾矿砂基层混合料的配合比
Table 7 Mix proportion of iron tailings sand base mixtures with different binder types and content
| Sample No. | Mass fraction/% | Optimum moisture content/% | Maximum dry density/(g∙cm-3) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cement | Solidified agent | Iron tailings sand | |||
| G-8 | 0 | 8 | 92 | 8.25 | 1.920 |
| G-10 | 0 | 10 | 90 | 8.58 | 1.971 |
| G-12 | 0 | 12 | 88 | 8.91 | 2.052 |
| P-8 | 8 | 0 | 92 | 8.23 | 1.916 |
| P-10 | 10 | 0 | 90 | 8.52 | 1.964 |
| P-12 | 12 | 0 | 88 | 8.87 | 2.045 |
图3 熟料掺量对固化剂稳定铁尾矿砂(固化剂掺量为10%)7 d无侧限抗压强度的影响
Fig.3 Effect of clinker content on 7 d unconfined compressive strength of iron tailings sand stabilized with solidified agent (solidified agent content: 10%)
图5 石膏掺量对固化剂稳定铁尾矿砂(固化剂掺量为10%)7 d无侧限抗压强度的影响
Fig.5 Effect of gypsum content on 7 d unconfined compressive strength of iron tailings sand stabilized with solidified agent (solidified agent content: 10%)
图6 石膏掺量对固化剂及固化剂稳定铁尾矿砂(固化剂掺量为10%)体积稳定性的影响
Fig.6 Effect of gypsum content on volume stability of solidified agent and iron tailings sand stabilized with solidified agent (solidified agent content: 10%)
图7 不同结合料类型与掺量对铁尾矿砂基层混合料无侧限抗压强度的影响
Fig.7 Effects of different binder types and content on unconfined compressive strength of iron tailings sand base mixtures
图8 不同结合料类型与掺量对铁尾矿砂基层混合料90 d力学性能的影响
Fig.8 Effects of different binder types and content on 90 d mechanical properties of iron tailings sand base mixtures
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