硅酸盐通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (8): 2650-2663.DOI: 10.16552/j.cnki.issn1001-1625.2026.0182
收稿日期:2026-02-27
修订日期:2026-03-27
出版日期:2026-08-15
发布日期:2026-09-01
通信作者:
王玉凤,硕士研究生。E-mail:W.Yu.Feng@outlook.com作者简介:张翔(1989—),男,博士,副教授。主要从事岩土材料和建筑材料的研究。E-mail:x.zhang@ynu.edu.cn
基金资助:
ZHANG Xiang(
), WANG Yufeng(
), LEI Zhen
Received:2026-02-27
Revised:2026-03-27
Published:2026-08-15
Online:2026-09-01
摘要:
为系统研究内掺硬脂酸钙乳液对混凝土性能的影响规律及其作用机制,本文制备了水灰比分别为0.4与0.5,硬脂酸钙乳液有效掺量为0%、0.5%、1.0%、2.0%(质量分数)的混凝土试件,开展了工作性能、力学强度、孔结构与微观结构、疏水性、自清洁性、光稳定性及抗氯离子渗透性能等综合测试。结果表明:硬脂酸钙乳液能改善混凝土的工作性能,并使试件表面接触角由约60°提高至120°,但该乳液会抑制水泥的水化反应,导致混凝土结构致密性下降,进而影响混凝土各龄期的强度发展。经硬脂酸钙改性的混凝土表面对亲水性粉尘、疏水性石墨粉及含油脂污染物均表现出良好的自清洁效果。当硬脂酸钙掺量不高于1.0%时,混凝土的毛细吸水能力与氯离子渗透程度显著降低;而当掺量增至2.0%时,因孔隙结构劣化,混凝土的抗渗性能出现逆转,甚至劣于基准组。经180 d模拟光老化后,试件接触角下降不足1°,疏水性能保持相对稳定。
中图分类号:
张翔, 王玉凤, 雷真. 内掺硬脂酸钙乳液对混凝土性能的影响及作用机制[J]. 硅酸盐通报, 2026, 45(8): 2650-2663.
ZHANG Xiang, WANG Yufeng, LEI Zhen. Effects and Mechanism of Internally Incorporated Calcium Stearate Emulsion on Properties of Concrete[J]. BULLETIN OF THE CHINESE CERAMIC SOCIETY, 2026, 45(8): 2650-2663.
| Indicator | Initial setting time/min | Final setting time/min | 3 d flexural strength/MPa | 28 d flexural strength/MPa | 3 d compressive strength/MPa | 28 d compressive strength/MPa |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Value | 242 | 307 | 5.7 | 7.8 | 27.2 | 48.3 |
表1 水泥相关参数
Table 1 Parameters related to cement
| Indicator | Initial setting time/min | Final setting time/min | 3 d flexural strength/MPa | 28 d flexural strength/MPa | 3 d compressive strength/MPa | 28 d compressive strength/MPa |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Value | 242 | 307 | 5.7 | 7.8 | 27.2 | 48.3 |
| Appearance | Chemical formula | Solid mass fraction/% | Viscosity/(mPa·s) | pH value (2% aqueous solution) | Density/(g·cm-3) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Delicate white emulsion | Ca(C17H35COO)2 | 42±2 | ≤500 | 9~12 | 1.0~1.1 |
表2 水性硬脂酸钙乳液相关参数
Table 2 Relevant parameters of aqueous calcium stearate emulsion
| Appearance | Chemical formula | Solid mass fraction/% | Viscosity/(mPa·s) | pH value (2% aqueous solution) | Density/(g·cm-3) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Delicate white emulsion | Ca(C17H35COO)2 | 42±2 | ≤500 | 9~12 | 1.0~1.1 |
| Specimen | Mix proportion/(kg·m-3) | Water-cement ratio | Ca(C17H35COO)2content/% | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cement | Water | Sand | Gravel | |||
| H4A | 309 | 123.6 | 439 | 782 | 0.4 | 0 |
| H4B | 309 | 123.6 | 439 | 782 | 0.4 | 0.5 |
| H4C | 309 | 123.6 | 439 | 782 | 0.4 | 1.0 |
| H4D | 309 | 123.6 | 439 | 782 | 0.4 | 2.0 |
| H5A | 309 | 155.0 | 550 | 819 | 0.5 | 0 |
| H5B | 309 | 155.0 | 550 | 819 | 0.5 | 0.5 |
| H5C | 309 | 155.0 | 550 | 819 | 0.5 | 1.0 |
| H5D | 309 | 155.0 | 550 | 819 | 0.5 | 2.0 |
表3 混凝土试件配合比
Table 3 Concrete specimen mix proportion
| Specimen | Mix proportion/(kg·m-3) | Water-cement ratio | Ca(C17H35COO)2content/% | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cement | Water | Sand | Gravel | |||
| H4A | 309 | 123.6 | 439 | 782 | 0.4 | 0 |
| H4B | 309 | 123.6 | 439 | 782 | 0.4 | 0.5 |
| H4C | 309 | 123.6 | 439 | 782 | 0.4 | 1.0 |
| H4D | 309 | 123.6 | 439 | 782 | 0.4 | 2.0 |
| H5A | 309 | 155.0 | 550 | 819 | 0.5 | 0 |
| H5B | 309 | 155.0 | 550 | 819 | 0.5 | 0.5 |
| H5C | 309 | 155.0 | 550 | 819 | 0.5 | 1.0 |
| H5D | 309 | 155.0 | 550 | 819 | 0.5 | 2.0 |
图6 不同硬脂酸钙掺量的混凝土试件表面疏水效果(外表面和切割面水滴形态)
Fig.6 Hydrophobic effect on concrete specimen surfaces (water droplet morphology on external and cut surfaces) with different calcium stearate content
图10 考虑不同污染物(粉笔灰、甜辣酱、石墨粉)的混凝土试件外表面和切割面抗沾污性能试验结果(以H4A和H4D试件为例)
Fig.10 Test results of stain resistance performance on external and cut surfaces of concrete specimens considering different pollutants (chalk dust, sweet and spicy sauce, graphite powder) (taking specimens H4A and H4D as examples)
图13 硬脂酸钙改性混凝土侵蚀30、60和90 d后的氯离子含量(2和10 mm深度处)
Fig.13 Chloride ion content at 2 and 10 mm depths in calcium stearate modified concrete after 30, 60, and 90 d erosion
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