Characterization of Stress Distribution in Sealing Glass via Stress-Sensitive Photoluminescence Spectroscopy

doi:10.16552/j.cnki.issn1001-1625.2025.1062

Abstract

Abstract:

To address the challenges of stress detection in opaque sealing glasses and the insufficient resolution of existing methods， this study proposed a non-destructive， high-precision stress characterization method based on stress-sensitive photoluminescence spectroscopy of Cr³⁺-doped Al₂O₃ （Cr³⁺∶Al₂O₃）. By uniformly dispersing synthesized Cr³⁺∶Al₂O₃ nanoparticles into the aluminoborosilicate glass， the radial stress distribution in concentric cylindrical seals was quantitatively visualized， and the crack initiation mechanism was analyzed in conjunction with microstructure observation. The results indicate that the Cr³⁺∶Al₂O₃ nanoparticles are uniformly dispersed in the glass， demonstrating excellent micro-regional stress sensing capability. In Kovar-pin-seals with matched thermal expansion coefficients， the glass is entirely under compressive stress， forming a reliable compressive sealing structure. Conversely， in copper-pin-seals with mismatched thermal expansion coefficients， the glass matrix is predominantly subjected to tensile stress. Notably， the region of maximum tensile stress （approximately 250 μm from the interface） coincides highly with the actual location of circumferential cracks （approximately 300 μm from the interface）. This work confirms that tensile stress concentration is the direct inducement of sealing failure and validates the potential of this spectroscopic method for micro-mechanical behavior analysis and reliability assessment of sealing glasses.

Key words: photoluminescence spectroscopy, Cr-doped alumina, glass-to-metal seal, aluminoborosilicate glass, stress distribution, crack

CLC Number:

TQ171.1

LI Jiahao, TIAN Yingliang, ZHAO Zhiyong, ZHANG Yong, GONG Keqian, LIU Zheng. Characterization of Stress Distribution in Sealing Glass via Stress-Sensitive Photoluminescence Spectroscopy[J]. BULLETIN OF THE CHINESE CERAMIC SOCIETY, 2026, 45(3): 862-870.

Figures/Tables 7

Fig.1 Principle of stress determination based on stress-sensitive photoluminescence spectroscopy

Fig.2 Specifications of glass-to-metal seals and stress determination path

Table 1 Elemental composition of Cr3+∶Al2O3 powder

Element	Al	Cr	Si	Ca	Ni	Mg	Na	Fe	O
Mass fraction/%	52.440	1.030	0.215	0.197	0.164	0.093	0.068	0.054	45.739

Fig.3 Characterization results of Cr3+∶Al2O3 and its distribution in glass matrix

Fig.4 Thermal expansion coefficients of sealing glass， Kovar， and copper

Fig.5 Characterization results of stress distribution in sealing glass along radius

Fig.6 SEM images of circumferential crack within sealing glass

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