Stress Distribution and Strength Design of Observation Window Glass under High Hydrostatic Pressure

doi:10.16552/j.cnki.issn1001-1625.2025.1093

Abstract

Abstract:

Avoiding the occurrence of observation window glass breakage accidents is one of the important guarantees to ensure the safety and reliability of related precision or special equipment system structures. Based on theory， experiments， and ANSYS numerical simulation software， the stress distribution characteristics， influencing factors， and failure modes of circular and strip observation window glass under high hydrostatic pressure were analyzed. The results show that the maximum tensile stress of circular and strip observation window glass is distributed in the center of the non bearing surface of the plate， and shear stress is concentrated in the inner edge of the edge clamp. The fracture of the observation window glass is caused by tensile stress， shear stress， or a combination of tensile and shear forces. As the edge overlap width increases， the maximum tensile stress of the observation window glass also decreases linearly. Under the same conditions， the maximum tensile stress value of the observation window glass decreases continuously with the increase of its thickness， and increases linearly with the increase of the hydrostatic pressure value. A design method for the strength of observation window glass considering the discreteness of glass material strength and load application time has been proposed. The research results provide technical guidance for guiding the selection of glass materials and structural safety design for observation windows.

Key words: observation window glass, hydrostatic pressure, stress distribution characteristic, persistent load, safety factor, strength design

CLC Number:

TQ171

WANG Haofeng, HE Kun, ZHOU Peng, LIU Xiaogen, ZU Chengkui, CAO Dake, TIAN Haodong, YANG Penghui. Stress Distribution and Strength Design of Observation Window Glass under High Hydrostatic Pressure[J]. BULLETIN OF THE CHINESE CERAMIC SOCIETY, 2026, 45(3): 894-902.

Figures/Tables 11

Fig.1 Installation diagram and simplified diagram of mechanical model of observation window glass

Table 1 Value of f

a/b	1.0	1.2	1.4	1.6	1.8	2.0	3.0	4.0	5.0	+∞
f	0.287 4	0.376 2	0.453 0	0.517 2	0.568 8	0.610 2	0.713 4	0.741 0	0.747 6	0.750 0

Fig.2 Structural diagram of observation window glass

Fig.3 ANSYS numerical analysis model

Fig.4 First principal stress and shear stress distribution cloud map of circular observation window glass

Fig.5 First principal stress and shear stress distribution cloud map of elongated observation window glass

Fig.6 Fracture morphology of circular observation window glass under high hydrostatic pressure

Fig.7 Maximum tensile stress curves of observation window glass under different overlapping width， thickness， and hydrostatic pressure

Table 2 Relationship between design safety factor of glass material and probability of failure

Safety factor	1.0	1.5	2.0	2.5	3.0	3.3
Failure probability/%	50	9	1	0.1	0.01	0.003

Table 3 Relationship between design safety factor of glass material and probability of failure

Types of glass	Laboratory testing of glass strength/MPa	loading rate/［N·（mm²·s）^-1］	Loading duration/s
Sodium calcium silicate glass	62	2	30
Physical tempered glass	150	2	60
Quartz glass	75.9	2	38

Table 4 Safety factor N2 considering persistent loading

Types of glass	Loading duration
Types of glass	38 s	30 d	180 d	1 a	3 a	5 a
Sodium calcium silicate glass	1	2.22	2.50	2.63	2.78	3.03
Physical tempered glass	1	1.23	1.28	1.31	1.33	1.35
Quartz glass	1	2.27	2.50	2.63	2.78	2.94

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