炭黑对熔融沉积成型3D打印碳化硅陶瓷显微结构和力学性能的影响

doi:10.16552/j.cnki.issn1001-1625.2026.0223

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

无压烧结碳化硅（SSiC）陶瓷因优异的力学性能和热稳定性，在航空航天等领域具有广阔应用前景。本研究采用熔融沉积成型（FDM）结合无压固相烧结工艺制备SiC陶瓷，系统考察了炭黑比表面积（10、80、150和230 m²/g）及含量（2.0%、2.5%、3.0%、3.5%和4.0%，质量分数）对打印性能及烧结体微观结构与力学性能的影响。结果表明，当炭黑比表面积为150 m²/g、含量为3.5 %时，喂料在保证挤出稳定性的同时实现良好维形性能。在该条件下，生坯密度达2.18 g/cm³，抗弯强度为（16.2±2.0） MPa。炭黑比表面积过低或含量不足会导致碳热还原反应不充分；而炭黑比表面积过高或含量过多则会引发炭黑团聚，进而抑制致密化过程。经2 150 ℃无压烧结后，当炭黑比表面积为150 m²/g、含量为3.5%时，碳化硅陶瓷密度达3.02 g/cm³，抗弯强度为（344.0±52.0） MPa，硬度为（24.2±1.2） GPa，利用该工艺成功制备了多种复杂构件。该研究为熔融沉积成型制备碳化硅复杂构件提供了新方案。

关键词: 碳化硅陶瓷, 炭黑, 无压烧结, 熔融沉积, 比表面积, 力学性能

Abstract:

Pressureless sintered silicon carbide （SSiC） ceramics have broad application prospects in aerospace and other fields due to their excellent mechanical properties and thermal stability. In this study， SiC ceramics were prepared by fused deposition modeling （FDM） combined with pressureless solid-state sintering. The effects of carbon black specific surface area （10， 80， 150， and 230 m²/g） and content （2.0%， 2.5%， 3.0%， 3.5%， and 4.0%， mass fraction） on the printing performance as well as the microstructure and mechanical properties of the sintered bodies were systematically investigated. The results show that when the specific surface area of carbon black is 150 m²/g and the content is 3.5%， feedstock ensures extrusion stability while achieving good shape retention. Under these conditions， the green body density reaches 2.18 g/cm³， and the flexural strength is （16.2±2.0） MPa. Too low specific surface area or insufficient content of carbon black leads to an incomplete carbothermal reduction reaction； whereas too high specific surface area or excessive content induces carbon black agglomeration， thereby inhibiting the densification process. After pressureless sintering at 2 150 ℃， when the specific surface area of carbon black is 150 m²/g and the content is 3.5%， the silicon carbide ceramic achieves a density of 3.02 g/cm³， a flexural strength of （344.0±52.0） MPa， and a hardness of （24.2±1.2） GPa. Using this process， various complex components were successfully fabricated using this process. This study provides a new approach for the fabrication of complex silicon carbide components by fused deposition modeling.

Key words: silicon carbide ceramics, carbon black, pressureless sintering, fused deposition, specific surface area, mechanical property

中图分类号:

TQ174

秦曙妮, 董浩霖, 张帅, 梁皓璋, 刘子玉, 刘鹏, 杨现锋, 罗德平. 炭黑对熔融沉积成型3D打印碳化硅陶瓷显微结构和力学性能的影响[J]. 硅酸盐通报, 2026, 45(9): 3267-3279.

QIN Shuni, DONG Haolin, ZHANG Shuai, LIANG Haozhang, LIU Ziyu, LIU Peng, YANG Xianfeng, LUO Deping. Effect of Carbon Black on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Fused Deposition Modeling 3D-Printed Silicon Carbide Ceramics[J]. BULLETIN OF THE CHINESE CERAMIC SOCIETY, 2026, 45(9): 3267-3279.

图/表 14

图1 不同粉体的SEM照片

Fig.1 SEM images of different powders

表1 不同SiC打印喂料样品的原料配比

Table 1 Mix proportion of raw materials of different SiC printing feedstock samples

Sample	Mass fraction/%
	Ceramic powder			Organic binder
	SiC	B₄C	C	PW	PE	EVA	SA
SC10-3.5	75.6	1.6	2.8	13.0	3.0	2.4	1.6
SC80-3.5	75.6	1.6	2.8	13.0	3.0	2.4	1.6
SC150-3.5	75.6	1.6	2.8	13.0	3.0	2.4	1.6
SC230-3.5	75.6	1.6	2.8	13.0	3.0	2.4	1.6
SC150-2.0	76.8	1.6	1.6	13.0	3.0	2.4	1.6
SC150-2.5	76.4	1.6	2.0	13.0	3.0	2.4	1.6
SC150-3.0	76.0	1.6	2.4	13.0	3.0	2.4	1.6
SC150-3.5	75.6	1.6	2.8	13.0	3.0	2.4	1.6
SC150-4.0	75.2	1.6	3.2	13.0	3.0	2.4	1.6

图2 3D打印流程示意图

Fig.2 Schematic diagram of 3D printing process

图3 不同炭黑比表面积对喂料黏度的影响

Fig.3 Effects of different specific surface areas of C on feedstock viscosity

图4 含有不同比表面积炭黑的SiC喂料打印不同跨度的悬空桥结构

Fig.4 Suspension bridge structures with different spans printed by SiC feedstocks containing different specific surface areas of C

图5 含有不同比表面积炭黑的生坯密度、抗弯强度和断面SEM照片

Fig.5 Green density， flexural strength， and cross-section SEM images of samples with different specific surface areas of C

图6 不同SiC陶瓷经2 150 ℃无压烧结1 h后的XRD谱

Fig.6 XRD patterns of different SiC ceramics after pressureless sintering at 2 150 ℃ for 1 h

表2 含有不同比表面积和含量炭黑的碳化硅陶瓷残炭的质量百分比

Table 2 Mass percentage of residual carbon in SiC ceramics with different specific surface areas and content of C

Sample	Residual C content/%	Sample	Residual C content/%
SC10-3.5	1.92	SC150-2.0	0.91
SC80-3.5	1.14	SC150-2.5	0.96
SC150-3.5	1.08	SC150-3.0	1.01
SC230-3.5	1.79	SC150-3.5	1.08
—	—	SC150-4.0	1.21

图7 含有不同比表面积炭黑的SiC陶瓷的密度、相对密度和断面EDS能谱

Fig.7 Density， relative density， and cross-section EDS energy spectra of SiC ceramics with different specific surface areas of C

图8 含有不同比表面积炭黑的SiC陶瓷的抗弯强度和硬度

Fig.8 Flexural strength and hardness of SiC ceramics with different specific surface areas of C

图9 含有不同含量炭黑的SiC生坯密度、抗弯强度和断面SEM照片

Fig.9 Green density， flexural strength， and cross-section SEM images of SiC ceramics with different content of C

图10 含有不同含量炭黑的SiC陶瓷的密度、相对密度和抛光断面SEM照片

Fig.11 Density， relative density， and polished cross-section SEM images of SiC ceramics with different content of C

图11 含有不同含量炭黑的碳化硅陶瓷的抗弯强度和硬度

Fig.11 Flexural strength and hardness of SiC ceramics with different content of C

图12 FDM技术制备的复杂异型SiC陶瓷

Fig.12 Complex-shaped SiC ceramics fabricated by FDM technology

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