硅酸盐通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (6): 2041-2051.DOI: 10.16552/j.cnki.issn1001-1625.2025.1217
程坤阳1(
), 刘晓林2, 冯元3, 王彦鹏4, 张蕊1, 于本田1(
)
收稿日期:2025-12-04
修订日期:2026-01-26
出版日期:2026-06-15
发布日期:2026-07-14
通信作者:
于本田,博士,教授。E-mail:yubentian@mail.lzjtu.cn作者简介:程坤阳(2002—),男,硕士研究生。主要从事土木工程材料的研究。E-mail:1964332131@qq.com
基金资助:
CHENG Kunyang1(
), LIU Xiaolin2, FENG Yuan3, WANG Yanpeng4, ZHANG Rui1, YU Bentian1(
)
Received:2025-12-04
Revised:2026-01-26
Published:2026-06-15
Online:2026-07-14
摘要:
为推进工业固废的高效再生利用并降低水泥基材料的碳排放,本文利用凝灰岩石粉、粉煤灰、矿渣粉和硅灰协同替代部分水泥,制备了多元复合固废胶凝体系。通过火山灰活性和强度指数测试筛选出4组具有高活性特征的配合比,并对其流动度、早后期强度(抗压/抗折强度)、自收缩及干燥收缩性能进行了系统测试。结合核磁共振、X射线衍射及扫描电镜,分析了材料的微观演变机制。试验表明,多元固废的引入虽导致早期强度略有降低,但显著改善了早期自收缩(降低了18.3%~29.7%)。然而,受早期水化进程延缓导致自由水蒸发增加的影响,体系的干燥收缩率有所增大(提高了44.0%~58.3%)。微观分析揭示:固废的掺入在早期稀释了熟料浓度,降低了反应速率,有利于减小自收缩;但在干燥环境中,较慢的水化导致自由水散失增加,从而增大了干燥收缩。随着龄期延长,多元固废参与二次水化,生成的凝胶产物填充了内部缺陷,显著提高了无害孔与少害孔比例,从而优化了整体孔隙结构。
中图分类号:
程坤阳, 刘晓林, 冯元, 王彦鹏, 张蕊, 于本田. 多元复合固废胶凝体系的力学性能与收缩特性[J]. 硅酸盐通报, 2026, 45(6): 2041-2051.
CHENG Kunyang, LIU Xiaolin, FENG Yuan, WANG Yanpeng, ZHANG Rui, YU Bentian. Mechanical Properties and Shrinkage Properties of Multi-Component Composite Solid Waste Cementitious Materials[J]. BULLETIN OF THE CHINESE CERAMIC SOCIETY, 2026, 45(6): 2041-2051.
| Material | Mass fraction/% | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SiO2 | Al2O3 | Fe2O3 | CaO | MgO | Na2O | K2O | SO3 | LOI | |
| Cement | 26.03 | 8.22 | 3.73 | 54.42 | 1.63 | 0.57 | 1.03 | 3.61 | 1.32 |
| Tuff powder | 47.40 | 18.60 | 12.30 | 12.20 | 4.88 | 1.47 | 1.19 | 0.02 | 5.71 |
| Slag powder | 35.47 | 15.34 | 0.45 | 35.38 | 8.34 | 0.67 | 0.34 | 2.31 | 0.70 |
| Fly ash | 51.45 | 29.51 | 5.54 | 5.34 | 1.37 | 1.59 | 2.01 | 0.69 | 4.30 |
| Silica fume | 94.25 | 0.93 | 1.06 | 0.77 | 0.74 | 0.44 | 1.24 | 0.26 | 2.98 |
表1 水泥和固废的主要化学组成
Table 1 Main chemical composition of cement and solid wastes
| Material | Mass fraction/% | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SiO2 | Al2O3 | Fe2O3 | CaO | MgO | Na2O | K2O | SO3 | LOI | |
| Cement | 26.03 | 8.22 | 3.73 | 54.42 | 1.63 | 0.57 | 1.03 | 3.61 | 1.32 |
| Tuff powder | 47.40 | 18.60 | 12.30 | 12.20 | 4.88 | 1.47 | 1.19 | 0.02 | 5.71 |
| Slag powder | 35.47 | 15.34 | 0.45 | 35.38 | 8.34 | 0.67 | 0.34 | 2.31 | 0.70 |
| Fly ash | 51.45 | 29.51 | 5.54 | 5.34 | 1.37 | 1.59 | 2.01 | 0.69 | 4.30 |
| Silica fume | 94.25 | 0.93 | 1.06 | 0.77 | 0.74 | 0.44 | 1.24 | 0.26 | 2.98 |
| No. | Mass fraction/% | Distilled water volume/mL | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cement | Tuff powder | Slag powder | Fly ash | Silica fume | ||
| C70T15G10F5 | 70 | 15 | 10 | 5 | — | 100 |
| C70T15G10S5 | 70 | 15 | 10 | — | 5 | 100 |
| C70T15F10S5 | 70 | 15 | — | 10 | 5 | 100 |
| C70T20F5S5 | 70 | 20 | — | 5 | 5 | 100 |
| C70T20G5S5 | 70 | 20 | 5 | — | 5 | 100 |
| C70T5G5F10S10 | 70 | 5 | 5 | 10 | 10 | 100 |
| C70T5G10F10S5 | 70 | 5 | 10 | 10 | 5 | 100 |
| C70T10G5F5S10 | 70 | 10 | 5 | 5 | 10 | 100 |
表2 火山灰活性试验配合比
Table 2 Mix proportion for pozzolanic activity test
| No. | Mass fraction/% | Distilled water volume/mL | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cement | Tuff powder | Slag powder | Fly ash | Silica fume | ||
| C70T15G10F5 | 70 | 15 | 10 | 5 | — | 100 |
| C70T15G10S5 | 70 | 15 | 10 | — | 5 | 100 |
| C70T15F10S5 | 70 | 15 | — | 10 | 5 | 100 |
| C70T20F5S5 | 70 | 20 | — | 5 | 5 | 100 |
| C70T20G5S5 | 70 | 20 | 5 | — | 5 | 100 |
| C70T5G5F10S10 | 70 | 5 | 5 | 10 | 10 | 100 |
| C70T5G10F10S5 | 70 | 5 | 10 | 10 | 5 | 100 |
| C70T10G5F5S10 | 70 | 10 | 5 | 5 | 10 | 100 |
| No. | Mass fraction/% | Activity index/% | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cement | Tuff powder | Slag powder | Fly ash | Silica fume | ||
| C100 | 100 | — | — | — | — | 100 |
| C70T15G10F5 | 70 | 15 | 10 | 5 | — | 83 |
| C70T15G10S5 | 70 | 15 | 10 | — | 5 | 94 |
| C70T15F10S5 | 70 | 15 | — | 10 | 5 | 89 |
| C70T20F5S5 | 70 | 20 | — | 5 | 5 | 82 |
| C70T20G5S5 | 70 | 20 | 5 | — | 5 | 93 |
| C70T5G5F10S10 | 70 | 5 | 5 | 10 | 10 | 106 |
| C70T5G10F10S5 | 70 | 5 | 10 | 10 | 5 | 108 |
| C70T10G5F5S10 | 70 | 10 | 5 | 5 | 10 | 100 |
表3 水泥砂浆的配合比及其28 d强度活性指数
Table 3 Cement mortar mix proportion and 28 d strength activity index
| No. | Mass fraction/% | Activity index/% | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cement | Tuff powder | Slag powder | Fly ash | Silica fume | ||
| C100 | 100 | — | — | — | — | 100 |
| C70T15G10F5 | 70 | 15 | 10 | 5 | — | 83 |
| C70T15G10S5 | 70 | 15 | 10 | — | 5 | 94 |
| C70T15F10S5 | 70 | 15 | — | 10 | 5 | 89 |
| C70T20F5S5 | 70 | 20 | — | 5 | 5 | 82 |
| C70T20G5S5 | 70 | 20 | 5 | — | 5 | 93 |
| C70T5G5F10S10 | 70 | 5 | 5 | 10 | 10 | 106 |
| C70T5G10F10S5 | 70 | 5 | 10 | 10 | 5 | 108 |
| C70T10G5F5S10 | 70 | 10 | 5 | 5 | 10 | 100 |
图8 基于NMR技术的多元复合固废胶凝体系早期(3 d)孔隙结构特征
Fig.8 Pore structure characteristics of multi-component composite solid waste cementitious materials at early-age (3 d) via NMR technology
图9 基于NMR技术的多元复合固废胶凝体系28 d龄期的孔隙结构特征
Fig.9 Pore structure characteristics of multi-component composite solid waste cementitious materials at age of 28 d via NMR technology
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