镍铁渣初始粒径对水泥砂浆碱骨料反应的影响

doi:10.16552/j.cnki.issn1001-1625.2025.0913

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

水淬冷却镍铁渣细骨料无定形二氧化硅含量较高，存在碱骨料反应（ASR）活性高的问题，这会对建筑结构的耐久性和安全性造成不利影响。为深入探究镍铁渣初始粒径与其ASR行为之间的内在关系，通过破碎分级控制粒径，基于水化产物、凝胶结构及微观形貌等变化系统地研究了不同初始粒径镍铁渣细骨料的ASR活性。结果表明，镍铁渣细骨料的ASR活性随初始粒径增长而提高。镍铁渣细骨料水泥砂浆中生成的大量氢氧化钙参与后续的ASR。钙离子与凝胶产物中的碱金属离子发生交换，在骨料附近裂缝中生成大量富钙凝胶，富钙凝胶吸水率较高，会导致浆体膨胀，影响浆体的孔结构。本研究直观揭示了不同初始粒径骨料在ASR过程中的动态损伤累积特征，为镍铁渣细骨料的ASR危害性评价及防治策略制定提供依据和工程参考。

关键词: 镍铁渣, 凝胶, 氢氧化钙, 碱骨料反应, 粒径, 孔结构

Abstract:

Water-quenched cooling ferronickel slag fine aggregates contain a high proportion of amorphous silica and thus pose high alkali-silica reaction （ASR） activity， which may adversely affect the durability and safety of building structures. To elucidate the intrinsic relationship between the initial particle size of ferronickel slag and its ASR behavior， the aggregates were crushed and sieved to controlled size ranges， and the ASR activity of ferronickel slag fine aggregates with different initial particle sizes was systematically studied based on the evolution of hydration products， gel structure， and micro-morphology. The results indicate that the ASR reactivity of ferronickel slag fine aggregates increases with initial particle size. A large amount of calcium hydroxide generated in the ferronickel slag fine aggregate cement mortar participates in the subsequent ASR reaction. Calcium ions exchange with alkali metal ions in the gel product， and a large amount of calcium-rich gel is formed in the cracks near the aggregate. The water absorption rate of the calcium-rich gel is high， which will lead to the expansion of slurry and affect the pore structure of slurry. This study intuitively reveals the dynamic damage accumulation characteristics of aggregates with different initial particle sizes in ASR process， and provides basis and engineering reference for the ASR hazard evaluation and prevention strategy formulation of ferronickel slag fine aggregates.

Key words: ferronickel slag, gel, calcium hydroxide, alkali-silica reaction, particle size, pore structure

中图分类号:

TQ172

王伟, 叶子, 于淇, 张亚梅. 镍铁渣初始粒径对水泥砂浆碱骨料反应的影响[J]. 硅酸盐通报, 2026, 45(4): 1109-1121.

WANG Wei, YE Zi, YU Qi, ZHANG Yamei. Influence of Initial Particle Size of Ferronickel Slag on Alkali-Silica Reaction in Cement Mortar[J]. BULLETIN OF THE CHINESE CERAMIC SOCIETY, 2026, 45(4): 1109-1121.

图/表 17

表1 水泥和镍铁渣的化学成分

Table 1 Chemical composition of cement and ferronickel slag

Material	Mass fraction/%
Material	CaO	SiO₂	Al₂O₃	SO₃	MgO	MnO	Fe₂O₃	Cr₂O₃	Na₂O	TiO₂	LOI
Cement	64.20	17.44	4.56	3.64	1.39	—	2.62	—	0.43	—	5.72
Ferronickel slag	29.43	22.84	19.06	—	8.76	1.34	1.24	0.75	0.50	0.49	15.59

图1 水泥的XRD谱和粒径分布

Fig.1 XRD pattern and particle size distribution of cement

图2 镍铁渣的XRD谱和粒径分布

Fig.2 XRD pattern and particle size distribution of ferronickel slag

图3 不同初始粒径的镍铁渣外观形貌

Fig.3 Appearance of ferronickel slag with different initial particle sizes

图4 不同初始粒径的镍铁渣SEM照片

Fig.4 SEM images of ferronickel slag with different initial particle sizes

表2 镍铁渣细骨料水泥砂浆快速砂浆棒法的试验配合比

Table 2 Experimental mix proportion of ferronickel slag fine aggregate cement mortar accelerated mortar bar method

Group	Ferronickel slag initial particle size/mm	Mass/g
Group	Ferronickel slag initial particle size/mm	Cement	Ferronickel slag fine aggregate	River sand	Water
Ref	—	440	0	990.0	206.8
A	>4.75	440	247.5	742.5	206.8
B	2.36~4.75	440	247.5	742.5	206.8
C	0~<2.36	440	247.5	742.5	206.8

图5 镍铁渣细骨料水泥砂浆棒ASR过程的膨胀率

Fig.5 Expansion rate of ferronickel slag fine aggregate cement mortar bars during ASR deterioration

图6 镍铁渣细骨料水泥砂浆棒ASR过程的质量变化

Fig.6 Mass change of ferronickel slag fine aggregate cement mortar bars during ASR deterioration

图7 不同龄期下镍铁渣细骨料水泥砂浆ASR过程水化产物的XRD谱

Fig.7 XRD patterns of hydration products of ferronickel slag fine aggregate cement mortar during ASR deterioration at different ages

图8 不同龄期下镍铁渣细骨料水泥砂浆ASR过程的DTG 曲线

Fig.8 DTG profiles of ferronickel slag fine aggregate cement mortar during ASR deterioration at different ages

图9 不同龄期下镍铁渣细骨料水泥砂浆ASR过程的Ca（OH）2含量

Fig.9 Ca（OH）2 content of ferronickel slag fine aggregate cement mortar during ASR deterioration at different ages

图10 不同龄期下镍铁渣细骨料水泥砂浆ASR过程水化产物的FT-IR谱

Fig.10 FT-IR spectra of ferronickel slag fine aggregate cement mortar during ASR deterioration at different ages

图11 不同龄期下镍铁渣细骨料水泥砂浆ASR过程的28 d BSE图像

Fig.11 28 d BSE images of ferronickel slag fine aggregate cement mortar during ASR deterioration at different ages

表3 镍铁渣细骨料水泥砂浆凝胶及ASR产物Ca/Si比

Table 3 Ca/Si ratio of gels and ASR products of ferronickel slag fine aggregate cement mortar

Group	Ref	A	B	C
Ca/Si ratio （gel）	2.06	1.82	1.91	2.09
Ca/Si ratio （ASR product）	—	1.57	1.33	—

图12 不同龄期下镍铁渣细骨料水泥砂浆ASR过程的孔结构演化

Fig.12 Pore structure evolution of ferronickel slag fine aggregate cement mortar during ASR deterioration at different ages

图13 不同龄期下镍铁渣细骨料水泥砂浆ASR过程的孔隙率

Fig.13 Pore porosity of ferronickel slag fine aggregate cement mortar during ASR deterioration at different ages

图14 不同龄期下镍铁渣细骨料水泥砂浆ASR过程的孔隙长径比

Fig.14 Pore aspect ratio of ferronickel slag fine aggregate cement mortar during ASR deterioration at different ages

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