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硅酸盐通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (4): 1122-1131.DOI: 10.16552/j.cnki.issn1001-1625.2025.0911

• 水泥混凝土 • 上一篇    下一篇

疏水改性煅烧硅藻土砂浆的制备及性能

王海皓1(), 甘元初1,2(), 侯庆振3, 陈振富1,2, 金丹1,2, 付新博1   

  1. 1.南华大学土木工程学院,衡阳 421001
    2.高性能特种混凝土湖南省重点实验室,衡阳 421001
    3.山东高速路桥国际工程有限公司,济南 250013
  • 收稿日期:2025-09-10 修订日期:2025-11-11 出版日期:2026-04-20 发布日期:2026-05-14
  • 通信作者: 甘元初,博士研究生,副教授。E-mail:454408950@qq.com
  • 作者简介:王海皓(2001—),男,硕士研究生。主要从事建筑防水材料的研究。E-mail:1403880621@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金面上项目(51678286)

Preparation and Performance of Hydrophobic-Modified Calcined Diatomite Mortar

WANG Haihao1(), GAN Yuanchu1,2(), HOU Qingzhen3, CHEN Zhenfu1,2, JIN Dan1,2, FU Xinbo1   

  1. 1.School of Civil Engineering,University of South China,Hengyang 421001,China
    2.Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of High-Performance Special Concrete,Hengyang 421001,China
    3.Shandong Hi-Speed Road & Bridge International Engineering Co. ,Ltd. ,Jinan 250013,China
  • Received:2025-09-10 Revised:2025-11-11 Published:2026-04-20 Online:2026-05-14

摘要:

为提高水泥基材料的防水抗渗性,本文提出了一种绿色疏水粉末的制备方法。以硬脂酸为改性剂,采用机械球磨法对煅烧硅藻土(CD)进行疏水改性,以接触角为主要评价指标优化工艺参数,成功制备出疏水性优异的改性煅烧硅藻土(SA-CD)。利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对SA-CD进行表征,系统研究了SA-CD以不同掺量替代水泥对砂浆性能的影响。结果表明:在硬脂酸掺量3%(质量分数)、球磨时间30 min、转速500 r/min的工艺条件下,所制备的SA-CD接触角达到152°;随SA-CD掺量增加,砂浆接触角持续增大,毛细吸水系数显著下降;同时,砂浆流动度呈先上升后下降的趋势;当SA-CD掺量为6%(质量分数)时,砂浆28 d抗折强度和抗压强度分别提升了8.81%和10.44%。微观分析表明,适量SA-CD可改善孔隙结构,提高致密性,从而增强砂浆的综合性能。

关键词: 硬脂酸, 煅烧硅藻土, 接触角, 毛细吸水, 力学性能, 微观结构

Abstract:

To enhance the waterproofing and impermeability of cement-based materials, this paper proposed a method for preparing green superhydrophobic powder. Using stearic acid as modifier, calcined diatomite (CD) underwent hydrophobic modification via mechanical ball milling. Process parameters were optimized with contact angle as the primary evaluation metric, successfully yielding modified calcined diatomite (SA-CD) with outstanding hydrophobic properties. The SA-CD was characterized using X-ray diffractometer (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effects of substituting cement with SA-CD at different dosages on mortar properties were systematically investigated. Results indicate that under process conditions of 3% (mass fraction) stearic acid dosage, 30 min ball milling time, and 500 r/min rotation speed, the prepared SA-CD shows a contact angle of 152°. As the SA-CD dosage increases, the mortar contact angle continuously rises while the capillary water absorption coefficient significantly decreases, simultaneously exhibiting a flow trend that initially increases before decreasing. At a 6% (mass fraction) SA-CD, the mortar’s 28 d flexural strength and compressive strength improve by 8.81% and 10.44%, respectively. Microscopic analysis indicates that moderate SA-CD dosage improves pore structure and enhances density, thereby strengthening the mortar’s overall performance.

Key words: stearic acid, calcined diatomite, contact angle, capillary water absorption, mechanical property, microstructure

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