振动搅拌对粉煤灰混凝土性能与碳排放的影响

doi:10.16552/j.cnki.issn1001-1625.2025.1001

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着对低碳建材和高性能混凝土需求的提升，系统评估振动搅拌对粉煤灰混凝土结构致密性、耐久性及全生命周期碳排放的影响，对推动绿色施工与节能减排具有重要意义。本研究系统探究了振动搅拌工艺对粉煤灰混凝土宏观力学性能、抗冻性、微观结构及碳排放的影响，采用了五种不同粉煤灰掺量的混凝土配合比，对比分析了振动搅拌与常规搅拌工艺的效果。通过抗压强度试验、快速冻融循环试验、核磁共振（NMR）、热重分析（TG/DTG）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）及显微硬度测试表征混凝土性能，并应用生命周期评价（LCA）量化二氧化碳排放。结果表明：与常规搅拌相比，振动搅拌显著提升了粉煤灰混凝土的抗压强度与抗冻性，振动搅拌工艺使混凝土孔隙率降低了3.46%，有效促进了水泥水化与粉煤灰的火山灰反应，并优化了界面过渡区结构，表现为更高的显微硬度和更致密的交界面。LCA结果显示，在保持或提升混凝土性能的前提下，振动搅拌工艺可减少粉煤灰混凝土生产过程中的二氧化碳排放14~20 kg/m³。

关键词: 粉煤灰混凝土, 振动搅拌, 宏观性能, 微观结构, 全生命周期, 碳排放

Abstract:

With the increasing demand for low-carbon and high-performance concrete， evaluating the effect of vibration mixing on the microstructure， durability， and life-cycle carbon emissions of fly ash concrete is essential for advancing green construction technologies and emission-reduction strategies. In this study， the effect of vibration mixing process on the mechanical properties， frost resistance enhancement， microstructure and carbon emission of fly ash concrete was systematically investigated. The vibration mixing method was compared with the conventional mixing method through preparing concrete specimens under five mix proportions with different fly ash content. The macroscopic properties were evaluated according to the results of compressive tests and rapid freeze-thaw cycle tests. The characteristics of porosity， hydration degree and interfacial transition zone （ITZ） were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance （NMR）， thermogravimetric analysis （TG/DTG）， scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy （SEM-EDS） and microhardness test， respectively. Besides， life cycle assessment （LCA） was applied to quantify carbon dioxide emissions. The results indicate that compared with the conventional mixing method， the vibration mixing method significantly improves the compressive strength and frost resistance of fly ash concrete. The porosity of fly ash concrete decreases by 3.46% under the vibration mixing method， in which the hydration process of the cement and the pozzolanic reaction of the fly ash are effectively promoted. And the ITZ is better optimized， which manifests as higher microhardness and a denser bonding interface. According to the LCA results， while maintaining or enhancing the properties of concrete， the vibration mixing method can reduce carbon dioxide emissions in the preparation process of fly ash concrete by 14~20 kg/m³.

Key words: fly ash concrete, vibration mixing, macroscopic property, microstructure, life cycle assessment, carbon emission

中图分类号:

TU528

朱世栋, 陈纨年, 李忠慧, 张宇, 张云升, 李王鑫. 振动搅拌对粉煤灰混凝土性能与碳排放的影响[J]. 硅酸盐通报, 2026, 45(4): 1193-1207.

ZHU Shidong, CHEN Wannian, LI Zhonghui, ZHANG Yu, ZHANG Yunsheng, LI Wangxin. Effect of Vibration Mixing on Performance and Carbon Emissions of Fly Ash Concrete[J]. BULLETIN OF THE CHINESE CERAMIC SOCIETY, 2026, 45(4): 1193-1207.

图/表 24

表1 胶凝材料化学组分

Table 1 Chemical composition of cementitious materials

Material	Mass fraction/%
Material	CaO	SiO₂	Al₂O₃	Fe₂O₃	MgO	LOI
Cement	35.50	34.67	7.90	2.93	1.77	17.23
Fly ash	5.98	50.77	22.68	5.64	1.74	13.19

表2 减水剂性能参数

Table 2 Performance parameters of water reducing agent

Type	Reduction rate/%	Gas content/%	Na₂SO₄content/%	Cl^- content/%	Bleeding rate/%	Alkali content/%	28 d shrinkage
Standard	≥25.0	≤6.0	≤10.0	≤1.00	≤70	≤10.0	≤110
Measured	26.2	3.0	1.1	0.02	35	1.5	100

图1 双轴振动搅拌机

Fig.1 Double axis vibration mixer

表3 不同组别的混凝土配合比

Table 3 Concrete mix proportions of different groups

Group	Mix proportion/（kg·m^-3）					Mass fraction/%
Group	Cement	Fly ash	Water	Fine aggregate	Coarse aggregate	Cement	Water-reducing agent
NV-1	340	60	160	810	1 030	0	0.8
V-1	340	60	160	810	1 030	0	0.8
NV-2	330	71	167	816	996	3	0.8
V-2	330	71	167	816	996	3	0.8
NV-3	323	80	167	824	986	5	0.8
V-3	323	80	167	824	986	5	0.8
NV-4	313	93	165	842	967	8	0.8
V-4	313	93	165	842	967	8	0.8
NV-5	306	102	165	840	966	10	0.8
V-5	306	102	165	840	966	10	0.8

图2 四阶段搅拌法

Fig.2 Four stage mixing method

图3 试件制备流程

Fig.3 Preparation process of test specimens

图4 显微硬度试验压痕点

Fig.4 Indentation points of microhardness test

表4 不同组别混凝土的各龄期抗压强度

Table 4 Compressive strength of different groups of concrete at different ages

Group	7 d compressivestrength/MPa	Increase rate/%	28 d compressivestrength/MPa	Increase rate/%	56 d compressivestrength/MPa	Increase rate/%
NV-1	39.72	—	51.21	—	60.56	—
V-1	43.77	+10.20	57.51	+12.30	63.32	+4.56
NV-2	38.82	—	49.64	—	59.89	—
V-2	40.53	+4.40	53.92	+8.62	61.18	+2.15
NV-3	37.21	—	48.55	—	59.12	—
V-3	38.71	+4.03	51.10	+5.25	60.34	+2.06
NV-4	36.02	—	48.04	—	58.79	—
V-4	37.21	+3.30	49.96	+4.00	59.63	+1.43
NV-5	35.32	—	47.64	—	58.52	—
V-5	36.18	+2.43	49.13	+3.13	59.42	+1.54

图5 振动搅拌过程破坏团聚现象示意图

Fig.5 Schematic diagram of agglomeration disruption by vibration mixing

图6 振动搅拌对冻融循环后混凝土相对动弹性模量的影响

Fig.6 Effect of vibration mixing on relative dynamic elastic modulus of concrete after freeze-thaw cycles

图7 振动搅拌对冻融循环后混凝土质量损失的影响

Fig.7 Effect of vibration mixing on mass loss of concrete after freeze-thaw cycles

图8 振动搅拌对混凝土孔隙的影响

Fig.8 Effect of vibration mixing on concrete pores

图9 界面过渡区的SEM照片

Fig.9 SEM images of interface transition zone

图10 界面过渡区的BSE照片

Fig.10 BSE images of interface transition zone

图11 界面过渡区的分割处理图

Fig.11 Segmentation processing diagram of interface transition zone

图12 BSE灰度分析

Fig.12 BSE grayscale analysis

图13 EDS能谱扫描结果

Fig.13 EDS energy spectrum scanning results

图14 EDS元素三元图

Fig.14 EDS element ternary diagram

图15 不同搅拌下的界面过渡区显微硬度值

Fig.15 Microhardness values of interface transition zone under different stirring conditions

图16 不同搅拌下的热重曲线

Fig.16 Thermogravimetric curves under different strirring conditions

表5 热分析结果

Table 5 Thermal analysis results

Type	Bound water （mass fraction）/%	Calcium hydroxide （mass fraction）/%
NV	5.651	4.484
V	7.089	3.680

表6 碳排放参数

Table 6 Carbon emission parameters

Carbon emission parameter	Average	Unit
Electricity^{［50，53⁃55］}	0.998	kgCO₂/（kW·h）
Petroleum^{［50，53⁃55］}	2.171	kgCO₂/kg
Cement^{［51，56⁃58］}	0.877	kgCO₂/kg
Fly ash^{［59⁃60］}	14.550	kgCO₂/t
Sand^［50］	6.600	kgCO₂/t
Stone^［50］	8.483	kgCO₂/t
Water-reducing admixture^［52］	29.3	kgCO₂/t
Water^［52］	0.168	kgCO₂/t

图17 1 m3混凝土的碳排放系统图

Fig.17 Carbon emission system diagram for 1 m3 of concrete

图18 振动搅拌对混凝土碳排放量的影响与原材料贡献度

Fig.18 Impact of vibration mixing on carbon emissions of concrete and contribution of raw materials

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