微波养护对香灰-水泥复合胶凝材料强度及微观结构的影响

doi:10.16552/j.cnki.issn1001-1625.2025.0683

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

香灰（ISA）作为一种生物质灰，其大规模处置仍是一项重大挑战。以生物质灰部分替代水泥是一种实现资源回收和降低水泥基材料碳足迹的有效策略。然而，生物质灰早期活性较低，易导致水泥基材料的早期力学性能较低。为解决该问题，可采用微波作用激发ISA的早期反应活性，从而提升复合胶凝材料的力学强度。本研究制备了含0%~20%（质量分数）ISA的复合水泥浆体，并在两种不同条件（微波（M）养护和微波后水（MW）养护）下进行养护，系统研究了ISA掺量和养护方式对水泥浆体抗压强度、矿物组成、孔隙结构和纳观力学性能的影响。结果表明，M和MW养护提高了掺入ISA水泥浆体的早期抗压强度。此外，M与MW养护显著改善了样品的孔隙结构，并使样品微观结构更致密。在纳观尺度上，M和MW养护促进了水化硅酸钙（C-S-H）凝胶的生成和低密度（LD）C-S-H凝胶向高密度（HD）C-S-H凝胶的转变。本研究旨在推动ISA与微波养护在水泥基材料中的应用，为绿色建材性能优化与可持续设计提供理论支持。

关键词: 香灰, 胶凝材料, 微波养护, 力学性能, 微观结构, 纳米压痕

Abstract:

As a biomass ash， the large-scale disposal of incense stick ash （ISA） remains a major challenge. Partially replacing cement with ISA is an effective strategy to achieve resource recovery and reduce the carbon footprint of cement-based materials. However， the low early-age activity of ISA easily leads to low early mechanical properties of cement-based materials. To solve this problem， microwave can be used to stimulate the early reactivity of ISA， thereby improving the mechanical strength of composite cementitious materials. In this study， composite cement pastes containing 0%~20% ISA by mass were prepared and were cured under two conditions： microwave （M） curing and microwave followed by water （MW） curing. The effects of ISA content and curing condition on the compressive strength， mineral composition， pore structure， and nanomechanical properties of cement pastes were systematically investigated. The results show that both M and MW curing can improve the early compressive strength of cement pastes with ISA. Moreover， M and MW curing significantly refine the pore structure of samples and densify the microstructure. At the nanoscale， M and MW curing promote the formation of calcium silicate hydrate （C-S-H） gel and the transformation of low density （LD） C-S-H gel to high density （HD） C-S-H gel. This study aims to promote the application of ISA and microwave curing in cement-based materials and provide theoretical support for the performance optimization and sustainable design of green building materials.

Key words: incense stick ash, cementitious material, microwave curing, mechanical property, microstructure, nanoindentation

中图分类号:

TU528

王熠江, 李梓俊, 何智海, 陆俊. 微波养护对香灰-水泥复合胶凝材料强度及微观结构的影响[J]. 硅酸盐通报, 2026, 45(2): 540-548.

WANG Yijiang, LI Zijun, HE Zhihai, LU Jun. Effect of Microwave Curing on Strength and Microstructure of Incense Stick Ash-Cement Composite Cementitious Materials[J]. BULLETIN OF THE CHINESE CERAMIC SOCIETY, 2026, 45(2): 540-548.

图/表 10

表1 样品配合比

Table 1 Mix proportion of samples

Group	Mass/g			Curing condition
Group	Cement	ISA	Water	Curing condition
MISA0	450.0	0	180.0	M curing
MISA5	427.5	22.5	180.0
MISA10	405.0	45.0	180.0
MISA15	382.5	67.5	180.0
MISA20	360.0	90.0	180.0
MWISA0	450.0	0	180.0	MW curing
MWISA5	427.5	22.5	180.0
MWISA10	405.0	45.0	180.0
MWISA15	382.5	67.5	180.0
MWISA20	360.0	90.0	180.0

图1 不同养护条件下不同龄期时样品的抗压强度

Fig.1 Compressive strength of samples at different ages under different curing conditions

图2 含ISA水泥浆体28 d的XRD谱

Fig.2 XRD patterns of cement pastes with ISA at 28 d

图3 28 d样品的SEM照片

Fig.3 SEM images of samples at 28 d

图4 M养护下样品28 d孔隙结构

Fig.4 Pore structure of samples under M curing at 28 d

图5 MW养护下样品28 d孔隙结构

Fig.5 Pore structure of samples under MW curing at 28 d

表2 含ISA样品28 d孔径分布 (cm3·g-1)

Table 2 Pore size distributions of samples with ISA at 28 d

Group	Porosity	Gel pore （<10 nm） content	Small capillary pore （10~<100 nm） content	Large capillary pore （100~<1 000 nm） content
MISA0	0.095 17	0.042 85	0.043 68	0.008 64
MISA5	0.091 06	0.044 26	0.040 62	0.006 19
MISA20	0.100 52	0.035 70	0.055 46	0.009 36
MWISA0	0.087 69	0.044 57	0.037 69	0.005 44
MWISA5	0.083 37	0.045 23	0.033 81	0.004 34
MWISA20	0.094 30	0.036 64	0.049 71	0.007 95

图6 28 d样品的弹性模量分布

Fig.6 Elastic modulus distribution of 28 d samples

图7 28 d样品的弹性模量频率分布

Fig.7 Frequency distribution of elastic modulus of 28 d samples

图8 不同养护条件下28 d样品组成相的体积分数

Fig.8 Volume fraction of constituent phases of 28 d samples under different curing conditions

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