硅酸盐通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (2): 490-502.DOI: 10.16552/j.cnki.issn1001-1625.2025.1008
收稿日期:2025-10-16
修订日期:2025-12-12
出版日期:2026-02-20
发布日期:2026-03-09
作者简介:王伯昕(1980—),男,博士,教授。主要从事工业固废资源化利用与新型建筑材料的研究。E-mail:boxinwang@jlu.edu.cn
基金资助:
WANG Boxin(
), YUN Weilong, LI Jiacheng, LIU Taiyuan, DUAN Siyu
Received:2025-10-16
Revised:2025-12-12
Published:2026-02-20
Online:2026-03-09
摘要:
全球废轮胎累积量逐年攀升,将废轮胎破碎制备的橡胶颗粒(CR)取代部分混凝土细骨料制成橡胶混凝土(CRC),是实现废轮胎规模化消纳与高值化利用的重要途径,同时可以提升混凝土韧性、抗冻性和隔热降噪等性能。然而,CRC基本力学性能往往较普通混凝土有所下降,这直接限制了CRC的推广应用,使CRC性能优势难以充分发挥。本文以国内外CRC基本力学性能相关研究为对象,采用文献聚类方法分析CRC领域的研究重点,系统梳理CR取代率、粒径及改性处理对CRC抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度与抗折强度的影响规律;并结合微观结构特征分析其力学性能劣化机制;同时总结细观数值模拟的研究进展,形成了涵盖宏观、细观与微观的综述框架。结果表明,10%(体积分数)的CR取代率是保障CRC力学性能与工程适用性的临界阈值,复合改性方法可有效提高CRC力学强度,而界面过渡区厚度与有害孔隙占比是关联微观结构与宏观力学性能的核心指标。
中图分类号:
王伯昕, 贠炜龙, 李嘉城, 刘泰源, 段思羽. 橡胶混凝土基本力学性能研究进展[J]. 硅酸盐通报, 2026, 45(2): 490-502.
WANG Boxin, YUN Weilong, LI Jiacheng, LIU Taiyuan, DUAN Siyu. Research Progress on Basic Mechanical Properties of Crumb Rubber Concrete[J]. BULLETIN OF THE CHINESE CERAMIC SOCIETY, 2026, 45(2): 490-502.
| 性能优势 | CR取代率 | 改善效果 | 改善机理 | 参考文献 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 弯曲韧性 | 10% | ↑10%~32% | CR在受载时借助弹性变形消耗外部输入能量 | [ |
| 5%~35% | ↑1%~31% | [ | ||
| 抗冲击韧性 | 15%~30% | ↑62%~103% | CR在受载时借助弹性变形消耗外部输入能量 | [ |
| 20%~50% | ↑260%~660% | [ | ||
| 抗冻性能 | 5%~20% | ↑33%~100% | CR借助弹性变形缓解冻胀应力对基体的损伤,同时CR的掺入增加了混凝土总孔隙率,给未冻水的移动提供了空间,限制了静水压的形成条件 | [ |
| 5%~20% | ↑26%~56% | [ | ||
| 表观密度 | 10%~40% | ↓3%~7% | CR表观密度小,掺入后使混凝土整体表观密度下降 | [ |
| 5%~50% | ↓1%~8% | [ | ||
| 导热系数 | 5%~20% | ↓0%~27% | CR本身就是一种低导热材料,同时CR的掺入增加了混凝土总孔隙率,进而延缓了热量传导 | [ |
| 10%~50% | ↓33%~69% | [ | ||
| 降噪系数 | 25%~100% | ↑101%~252% | CR降低了混凝土结构的阻尼振动,间接提升降噪能力,同时CR的掺入增加了混凝土总孔隙率,进而阻碍了声波传导 | [ |
| 10%~20% | ↑40%~41% | [ |
表1 橡胶混凝土性能优势分析
Table 1 Performance advantage analysis of crumb rubber concrete
| 性能优势 | CR取代率 | 改善效果 | 改善机理 | 参考文献 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 弯曲韧性 | 10% | ↑10%~32% | CR在受载时借助弹性变形消耗外部输入能量 | [ |
| 5%~35% | ↑1%~31% | [ | ||
| 抗冲击韧性 | 15%~30% | ↑62%~103% | CR在受载时借助弹性变形消耗外部输入能量 | [ |
| 20%~50% | ↑260%~660% | [ | ||
| 抗冻性能 | 5%~20% | ↑33%~100% | CR借助弹性变形缓解冻胀应力对基体的损伤,同时CR的掺入增加了混凝土总孔隙率,给未冻水的移动提供了空间,限制了静水压的形成条件 | [ |
| 5%~20% | ↑26%~56% | [ | ||
| 表观密度 | 10%~40% | ↓3%~7% | CR表观密度小,掺入后使混凝土整体表观密度下降 | [ |
| 5%~50% | ↓1%~8% | [ | ||
| 导热系数 | 5%~20% | ↓0%~27% | CR本身就是一种低导热材料,同时CR的掺入增加了混凝土总孔隙率,进而延缓了热量传导 | [ |
| 10%~50% | ↓33%~69% | [ | ||
| 降噪系数 | 25%~100% | ↑101%~252% | CR降低了混凝土结构的阻尼振动,间接提升降噪能力,同时CR的掺入增加了混凝土总孔隙率,进而阻碍了声波传导 | [ |
| 10%~20% | ↑40%~41% | [ |
| 类别 | 改性处理方法 | 改性机理 | 参考文献 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 物理改性 | 水洗 | 去除CR表面油污、灰尘等憎水性杂质 | [ |
| 热处理 | 高温提高CR刚度 | [ | |
| 胶凝材料涂覆 | 间接提高CR刚度;间接提高CR与混凝土基体的机械咬合力 | [ | |
| 化学改性 | NaOH溶液浸泡 | 去除CR表面油污、灰尘等憎水性杂质;化学蚀刻,使CR表面更粗糙;创造弱碱环境以促进CR附近水泥水化 | [ |
| 硅烷偶联剂处理 | 通过分子桥接作用,在CR与水泥水化产物之间形成稳定的化学键,提高CR亲水性 | [ | |
| MgSO4溶液浸泡 | 去除CR表面油污、灰尘等憎水性杂质;化学蚀刻,使CR表面更粗糙 | [ |
表2 不同改性处理方法对橡胶混凝土改性机理分析
Table 2 Analysis of modification mechanism of crumb rubber concrete with different modification treatment methods
| 类别 | 改性处理方法 | 改性机理 | 参考文献 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 物理改性 | 水洗 | 去除CR表面油污、灰尘等憎水性杂质 | [ |
| 热处理 | 高温提高CR刚度 | [ | |
| 胶凝材料涂覆 | 间接提高CR刚度;间接提高CR与混凝土基体的机械咬合力 | [ | |
| 化学改性 | NaOH溶液浸泡 | 去除CR表面油污、灰尘等憎水性杂质;化学蚀刻,使CR表面更粗糙;创造弱碱环境以促进CR附近水泥水化 | [ |
| 硅烷偶联剂处理 | 通过分子桥接作用,在CR与水泥水化产物之间形成稳定的化学键,提高CR亲水性 | [ | |
| MgSO4溶液浸泡 | 去除CR表面油污、灰尘等憎水性杂质;化学蚀刻,使CR表面更粗糙 | [ |
图5 橡胶颗粒取代率对混凝土相对劈裂抗拉强度的影响[22,26,31?33,40,47?50]
Fig.5 Effect of crumb rubber replacement rate on relative splitting tensile strength of concrete[22,26,31?33,40,47?50]
图8 橡胶颗粒取代率对混凝土相对抗折强度的影响[17,27,30?32,47,49,54?56]
Fig.8 Effect of crumb rubber replacement rate on relative flexural strength of concrete[17,27,30?32,47,49,54?56]
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