关键词: 霍州窑, 白瓷, 白地黑花瓷, 黑釉瓷, 微观结构, 物化组成

Abstract:

To investigate the raw material characteristics of the body and glaze from Huozhou kiln ancient porcelains （white porcelain， white and black porcelain， and black porcelain）， this study utilized ultra-depth-of-field optical microscopy （OM）， X-ray fluorescence spectrometry （XRF）， X-ray diffractometer （XRD）， and ultraviolet-visible-near-infrared spectrophotometry （UV-Vis-NIR） to analyze the microstructure and physicochemical composition of the body and glaze. Comparative analysis was conducted with white porcelain from Ding kiln and white and black porcelain， from Cizhou kiln， Pacun kiln， and Xin’an kiln. The results indicate that in Huozhou kiln body， the Al₂O₃ content decreases in the following order： fine white porcelain， coarse white porcelain， black glaze porcelain， and white and black porcelain. While the SiO₂ content is similar in white porcelain and white and black porcelain bodies， it is lower in black porcelain bodies. The black porcelain body shows significant fluctuations in Al₂O₃， SiO₂， CaO and other components. Mullite constitutes the primary phase in the Huozhou kiln body， with minor quantities of quartz and cristobalite. There is a significant difference in the chemical composition of the matrix between Huozhou kiln and Ding kiln white porcelain. The former contains higher Al₂O₃， SiO₂， Na₂O and Fe₂O₃ content in the body， and higher Al₂O₃， K₂O and TiO₂ content in the glaze. There are also obvious differences in the chemical composition of the body and glaze between the white and black porcelain of Huozhou kiln and the porcelain of Cizhou kiln， Pacun kiln and Xin’an kiln. The former glaze contains higher MgO， Al₂O₃ and Fe₂O₃ content. The white porcelain body of Huozhou kiln is pure white， the white and black porcelain is gray white， and the black glaze porcelain body is dark brown， which is related to the concentration of coloring elements in the body. The average value of the acidity coefficient of the chemical elements of the glaze decreases in the order： white porcelain， white and black porcelain， and black glaze porcelain， reflecting that the firing temperature of the three types of products decreases in turn. UV-Vis-NIR reflectance spectroscopy shows that Huozhou kiln white porcelain and white and black porcelain have multiple reflection peaks at 400~800 nm， and the main reflection peak is located at 420~500 nm， while black glaze porcelain has no obvious reflection peak.

Key words: Huozhou kiln, white porcelain, white and black porcelain, black porcelain, microstructure, physicochemical composition