钼尾矿砂取代量对机制砂水泥砂浆力学性能及微观结构的影响

doi:10.16552/j.cnki.issn1001-1625.2025.0708

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为缓解砂资源短缺并实现工业固废的资源化利用，探究钼尾矿砂取代机制砂对水泥砂浆力学性能及微观结构的影响，本文设计了五种不同钼尾矿砂取代率的水泥砂浆，系统测试其工作性能、力学性能和干缩性能，并结合SEM、XRD分析了微观形貌与水化产物。结果表明：钼尾矿砂砂浆与机制砂砂浆减水剂饱和掺量点均为胶凝材料总质量的5‰，钼尾矿砂砂浆的保水性更差；砂浆抗压强度在钼尾矿砂质量取代率为50%时达峰值，抗折强度在取代率为25%时最优；干燥收缩值随取代率增加显著上升，取代率为100%时，90 d干燥收缩值达1 223×10^-6；微观分析表明，适量钼尾矿砂通过微集料填充效应和晶核作用提升砂浆密实度，但过量取代导致级配劣化与孔隙增多；钼尾矿砂可部分取代机制砂用于水泥砂浆，推荐取代率不超过50%，以兼顾力学性能与体积稳定性。

关键词: 钼尾矿砂, 水泥砂浆, 机制砂, 力学性能, 微观结构

Abstract:

To alleviate the shortage of sand resources and achieve resource utilization of industrial solid waste， this study investigated the effect of substituting manufactured sand with molybdenum tailings sand on mechanical properties and microstructure of cement mortar. Five types of cement mortars with different substitution rates of molybdenum tailings sand were designed， and their workability， mechanical properties， and drying shrinkage properties were systematically tested. The microstructure and hydration products were analyzed using SEM and XRD. The results indicate that the saturated content point of water-reducing agent for both molybdenum tailings sand mortar and manufactured sand mortar is 5‰ of the total mass of cementitious materials， and the water retention of molybdenum tailings sand mortar is poorer. The compressive strength of mortar reaches its peak at a mass substitution rate of 50% for molybdenum tailings sand， while the flexural strength is optimal at a substitution rate of 25%. The drying shrinkage value increases significantly with the substitution rate， reaching a drying shrinkage value of 1 223×10^-6 at a substitution rate of 100% after 90 d. Microscopic analysis shows that an appropriate amount of molybdenum tailings sand can enhance the compactness through micro-aggregate filling effect and nucleation effect， but excessive substitution leads to grading deterioration and increased porosity. Molybdenum tailings sand can partially replace manufactured sand in cement mortar， and the recommended substitution rate is not more than 50% to balance mechanical properties and volume stability.

Key words: molybdenum tailings sand, cement mortar, manufactured sand, mechanical property, microstructure

中图分类号:

TQ177.6⁺2

芮振华, 吕翔宇, 郭灿, 黄山, 牛冬瑜. 钼尾矿砂取代量对机制砂水泥砂浆力学性能及微观结构的影响[J]. 硅酸盐通报, 2026, 45(2): 573-581.

RUI Zhenhua, LYU Xiangyu, GUO Can, HUANG Shan, NIU Dongyu. Influence of Molybdenum Tailings Sand Substitution Amount on Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Manufactured Sand Cement Mortar[J]. BULLETIN OF THE CHINESE CERAMIC SOCIETY, 2026, 45(2): 573-581.

图/表 12

表1 水泥的主要化学成分

Table 1 Main chemical composition of cement

Composition	SiO₂	Al₂O₃	Fe₂O₃	MgO	CaO	SO₃
Mass fraction/%	21.54	6.22	4.47	2.61	59.21	2.32

表2 钼尾矿砂及机制砂主要化学成分

Table 2 Main chemical composition of molybdenum tailings sand and manufactured sand

Material	Mass fraction/%
Material	SiO₂	Al₂O₃	Fe₂O₃	MgO	CaO	TiO₂	Na₂O	K₂O
Molybdenum tailings sand	71.34	8.89	9.21	1.16	2.31	1.56	0.44	1.66
Manufactured sand	91.20	0.79	1.22	1.46	0.50	—	—	—

表3 水泥砂浆配合比

Table 3 Mix proportion of cement mortar

Sample No.	Mass/g
Sample No.	Cement	Water	Manufactured sand	Molybdenum tailings sand
M0	500	240	1 500	0
M25	500	240	1 125	375
M50	500	240	750	750
M75	500	240	375	1 125
M100	500	240	0	1 500

图1 砂浆减水剂饱和掺量点

Fig.1 Saturated content point of mortar water-reducing agent

图2 砂浆流动度经时损失

Fig.2 Mortar fluidity loss over time

图3 钼尾矿砂取代率对砂浆流动度的影响

Fig.3 Effect of molybdenum tailings sand substitution rate on mortar fluidity

图4 钼尾矿砂取代率对水泥砂浆抗压强度的影响

Fig.4 Effect of molybdenum tailings sand substitution rate on compressive strength of mortar

图5 钼尾矿砂取代率对水泥砂浆抗折强度的影响

Fig.5 Effect of molybdenum tailings sand substitution rate on flexural strength of mortar

图6 钼尾矿砂取代率对砂浆干燥收缩值的影响

Fig.6 Effect of molybdenum tailings sand substitution rate on drying shrinkage value of mortar

图7 不同钼尾矿砂取代率砂浆28 d XRD谱

Fig.7 XRD patterns of mortar with different substitution rate of molybdenum tailings sand at 28 d

图8 机制砂砂浆28 d SEM照片

Fig.8 SEM image of manufactured sand mortar at 28 d

图9 不同钼尾矿砂取代率砂浆28 d SEM照片

Fig.9 SEM images of mortar with different substitution rates of molybdenum tailings sand at 28 d

参考文献 20

[1]	庄淑蓉， TORRES Aurora，陈睿山，等. 中国砂石资源利用的现状、问题与解决对策研究［J］. 华东师范大学学报（自然科学版）， 2022（3）： 137-147.
	ZHUANG S R， AURORA T， CHEN R S， et al. Trends， challenges， and mitigation strategies for the use of sand and gravel resources in China［J］. Journal of East China Normal University （Natural Science）， 2022（3）： 137-147 （in Chinese）.
[2]	韩继先. 砂石行业的发展现状及发展趋势［J］. 广东建材， 2014， 30（1）： 56-58.
	HAN J X. Present situation and development trend of sand and gravel industry［J］. Guangdong Building Materials， 2014， 30（1）： 56-58 （in Chinese）.
[3]	林天乐. 机制砂特性对水泥基材料物理力学性能的影响［D］. 杭州：浙江大学， 2022.
	LIN T L. Effect of characteristics of manufactured sand on physical and mechanical properties of cement-based materials［D］. Hangzhou： Zhejiang University， 2022 （in Chinese）.
[4]	刘峻铭. 甘肃省砂石骨料开发利用现状及建议［J］. 中国矿业， 2020， 29（增刊2）： 8-10.
	LIU J M. Present situation and suggestions on development and utilization of sand and gravel aggregate in Gansu Province［J］. China Mining Magazine， 2020， 29（supplement 2）： 8-10 （in Chinese）.
[5]	苏伟. 浅谈国内机制砂石行业发展的现状及趋势［C］// 中国砂石协会2013年会第二届砂石行业创新与发展论坛论文汇编. 杭州， 2013： 80-82.
	SU W. A brief discussion on the current status and trends of the domestic machine-made sand and gravel industry［C］// Proceedings of the Second Innovation and Development Forum of the Sand and Gravel Industry at the 2013 Annual Conference of the China Sand and Gravel Association. Hangzhou， 2013： 80-82 （in Chinese）.
[6]	吴娟. 机制砂形貌的数值重构及其特征参数对砂浆性能的影响分析［D］. 广州：华南理工大学， 2023.
	WU J. Numerical reconstruction of machine-made sand morphology and analysis of the influence of its characteristic parameters on mortar properties［D］. Guangzhou： South China University of Technology， 2023 （in Chinese）.
[7]	HAN F H， LUO A， LIU J H， et al. Properties of high-volume iron tailing powder concrete under different curing conditions［J］. Construction and Building Materials， 2020， 241： 118108. DOI URL
[8]	高莲凤，田释梦，张振国，等. 钼尾矿资源综合利用研究进展［J］. 吉林大学学报（地球科学版）， 2024， 54（5）： 1544-1557.
	GAO L F， TIAN S M， ZHANG Z G， et al. Research progress on comprehensive utilization of molybdenum tailings resources［J］. Journal of Jilin University （Earth Science Edition）， 2024， 54（5）： 1544-1557 （in Chinese）.
[9]	张日恒，寇青军，安耿. 钼尾矿综合利用研究进展［J］. 矿产综合利用， 2025（2）： 8-16+51.
	ZHANG R H， KOU Q J， AN G. Research progress on comprehensive utilization of molybdenum tailings［J］. Multipurpose Utilization of Mineral Resources， 2025（2）： 8-16+51 （in Chinese）.
[10]	余小军，聂明哲，孟维琦，等. 钼尾矿粉作为水泥基材料掺合料的适用性研究［J］. 中国矿业， 2024， 33（2）： 141-148.
	YU X J， NIE M Z， MENG W Q， et al. Applicability of molybdenum tailings powder as admixture of cement-based materials［J］. China Mining Magazine， 2024， 33（2）： 141-148 （in Chinese）.
[11]	SHI J， PAN W Z， KANG J Y， et al. Properties of ultra-high performance concrete incorporating iron tailings powder and iron tailings sand［J］. Journal of Building Engineering， 2024， 83： 108442. DOI URL
[12]	王之宇，郭家林，李春，等. 新型玻璃透水砖的制备工艺及性能研究［J］. 硅酸盐通报， 2019， 38（12）： 3905-3909+3915.
	WANG Z Y， GUO J L， LI C， et al. Study on preparation process and performance of new glass permeable brick［J］. Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society， 2019， 38（12）： 3905-3909+3915 （in Chinese）.
[13]	李峰，崔孝炜，刘璇，等. 钼尾矿在建筑材料中的二次利用研究进展［J］. 矿产综合利用， 2021（3）： 132-139.
	LI F， CUI X W， LIU X， et al. Research progress in secondary utilization of molybdenum tailings in building materials［J］. Multipurpose Utilization of Mineral Resources， 2021（3）： 132-139 （in Chinese）.
[14]	SIDDIQUE S， JANG J G. Assessment of molybdenum mine tailings as filler in cement mortar［J］. Journal of Building Engineering， 2020， 31： 101322. DOI URL
[15]	韩志园，杨鹰，孟维琦，等. 钼尾矿粉对砂浆强度和微结构影响的试验研究［J］. 中南大学学报（自然科学版）， 2024， 55（11）： 4236-4248.
	HAN Z Y， YANG Y， MENG W Q， et al. Experimental study on effect of molybdenum tailings powder on strength and microstructure of mortar［J］. Journal of Central South University （Science and Technology）， 2024， 55（11）： 4236-4248 （in Chinese）.
[16]	张艳佳，付士峰，张广田，等. 钼尾矿粉对水泥基材料强度和微观结构影响研究［J］. 金属矿山， 2023（4）： 253-259.
	ZHANG Y J， FU S F， ZHANG G T， et al. Study on the influence of molybdenum tailings powder on the strength and microstructure of cement-based materials［J］. Metal Mine， 2023（4）： 253-259 （in Chinese）.
[17]	LI Y T， DANG F N， ZHOU M， et al. Influence of molybdenum tailings replacing river sand on mechanical properties and concrete microstructure［J］. Construction and Building Materials， 2024， 435： 136897. DOI URL
[18]	胡家兵，朱领，张伟. 磨细钼尾矿粉用作混凝土掺合料的性能研究［J］. 混凝土与水泥制品， 2016（12）： 88-91.
	HU J B， ZHU L， ZHANG W. Study on performances of fine molybdenum tailing powder as concrete admixture［J］. China Concrete and Cement Products， 2016（12）： 88-91 （in Chinese）.
[19]	尹韶宁，张智强，余林文. 铁尾矿砂砂浆力学性能和收缩性能研究［J］. 硅酸盐通报， 2019， 38（6）： 1707-1712+1718.
	YIN S N， ZHANG Z Q， YU L W. Research on mechanical property and drying shrinkage property of mortar mixed with iron tailing sand［J］. Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society， 2019， 38（6）： 1707-1712+1718 （in Chinese）.
[20]	陶文财. 铜尾矿砂粘结砂浆的制备及其性能研究［D］. 重庆：重庆大学， 2022.
	TAO W C. Study on the preparation and performance of bonding mortar with copper tailing sand［D］. Chongqing： Chongqing University， 2022 （in Chinese）.