低热水泥钢渣砂浆碳化-水化协同机制与微观结构演化

doi:10.16552/j.cnki.issn1001-1625.2025.0810

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

普通胶凝材料的碳化已有广泛研究，但低热水泥与钢渣的协同碳化行为仍缺乏系统探索。钢渣中富含游离CaO和潜在水化活性，可促进低热水泥体系碳化反应。本研究通过调控胶砂比、水灰比和钢渣掺量，考察不同碳化时间及养护条件下的抗压强度、孔结构和矿物相演变。结果表明，适当预养护能调节剩余水灰比，促进CO₂扩散并提高碳化效率。在胶砂比为3∶5、低水灰比条件下，试样在48 h内基本完成碳化，主要碳化产物为方解石，文石的形成与碳化速率相关。抗压强度与碳化程度呈良好相关性，碳化48 h后抗压强度最高达68.8 MPa。孔结构分析显示，碳化及后续水化可显著细化孔径并提高试样致密性。XRD、TG-DTG、FT-IR和SEM-EDS揭示碳化生成的CaCO₃与水化产物形成三维交联结构，显著改善试样的微观密实性与力学性能。

关键词: 低热水泥, 钢渣, 碳化养护, 水化养护, 碳化深度, 抗压强度, 微观结构

Abstract:

The carbonation of ordinary cementitious material has been extensively studied， whereas the carbonation behavior of low-heat Portland cement combined with steel slag remains insufficiently explored. Steel slag， rich in free CaO and latent hydraulic activity， can promote carbonation reactions when incorporated into low-heat cement systems. In this study， the effects of binder-sand ratio， water-binder ratio， and steel slag dosage on compressive strength， pore structure， and phase evolution under different carbonation durations and curing regimes were investigated. Results show that appropriate pre-curing regulates the residual water-binder ratio， enhances CO₂ diffusion， and improves carbonation efficiency. At a binder-sand ratio of 3∶5 with a low water-binder ratio， specimens nearly completely carbonized within 48 h， with calcite as the main carbonation product. The formation of aragonite depending on the carbonation rate. Compressive strength correlates well with carbonation degree， reaching up to 68.8 MPa after 48 h of carbonation. Pore structure analysis indicate that carbonation and subsequent hydration can significantly refine the pore size and improve the density of samples. XRD， TG-DTG， FT-IR， and SEM-EDS reveal that CaCO₃ generated by carbonation interacted with hydration products to form a three-dimensional cross-linked structure， markedly enhancing microstructural compactness and mechanical performance.

Key words: low-heat cement, steel slag, carbonation curing, hydration curing, carbonation depth, compressive strength, microstructure

中图分类号:

TU528

温和, 张晓翔, 顾磊, 邓加鑫. 低热水泥钢渣砂浆碳化-水化协同机制与微观结构演化[J]. 硅酸盐通报, 2026, 45(2): 562-572.

WEN He, ZHANG Xiaoxiang, GU Lei, DENG Jiaxin. Synergistic Carbonation-Hydration Mechanisms and Microstructural Evolution in Low-Heat Cement and Steel Slag Mortars[J]. BULLETIN OF THE CHINESE CERAMIC SOCIETY, 2026, 45(2): 562-572.

图/表 13

表1 低热水泥和钢渣粉的主要化学组成

Table 1 Main chemical composition of low heat cement and steel slag powder

Material	Mass fraction/%
Material	CaO	SiO₂	Fe₂O₃	MgO	Al₂O₃	MnO	P₂O₅	TiO₂	Cr₂O₃	Other
Low heat cement	62.43	21.53	4.23	1.08	4.57	3.24	0.68	0.37	0.55	1.32
Steel slag	40.88	13.85	29.26	4.24	2.24	4.49	2.83	1.08	0.44	0.69

表2 低热水泥的主要矿物组成

Table 2 Main mineral composition of low heat cement

Material	Mass fraction/%
Material	C₂S	C₃S	C₃A	C₄AF	Total
Low heat cement	41.80	30.80	2.86	15.00	90.46

图1 钢渣粉的XRD谱

Fig.1 XRD pattern of steel slag powder

表 3 试验配合比设计及养护时间

Table 3 Mix ratio design and curing time

Sample No.	Low heatcement mass fraction/%	Steel slagmassfraction/%	Binder-sand ratio （mass ratio）	Water-binder ratio （mass ratio）	Water reducer massfraction/%	CO₂ curingtime/h	Standard curing time/d
A1	100	0	1∶1	0.25	0.5	48	—
A2	50	50	1∶1	0.25	0.5	48	—
B1	100	0	3∶5	0.25	0.8	12， 24， 48	3， 7， 28
B2	75	25	3∶5	0.25	0.8	12， 24， 48	3， 7， 28
B3	50	50	3∶5	0.20	1.2	12， 24， 48	3， 7， 28
B4	50	50	3∶5	0.25	0.8	12， 24， 48	3， 7， 28
B5	50	50	3∶5	0.30	0.1	12， 24， 48	3， 7， 28

图2 各试样剩余水灰比和水灰比损失率结果

Fig.2 Residual water-binder ratio and water-binder ratio loss rate results of specimens

图3 酚酞试剂法测试碳化深度

Fig.3 Phenolphthalein test for carbonation depth

图4 不同碳化时间和标准养护龄期下低热水泥钢渣砂浆的抗压强度

Fig.4 Compressive strength of low-heat cement-steel slag mortar at different carbonation time and standard curing ages

图5 碳化低热水泥钢渣砂浆及其标准养护试样的孔体积曲线

Fig.5 Pore volume curves of carbonated low-heat cement-steel slag mortar and its standard curing specimens

表4 孔结构特征参数

Table 4 Pore structure parameter

Sample No.	Total porosity/%	Average pore diameter/nm	Median pore diameter/nm	Pore size distribution/%
Sample No.	Total porosity/%	Average pore diameter/nm	Median pore diameter/nm	<20 nm	20~50 nm	>50 nm
B1-C48	9.29	31.40	10.16	15.46	37.01	47.53
B3-C48	14.88	185.32	42.44	29.43	10.32	60.25
B4-C48	14.04	184.88	36.58	31.22	13.41	55.37
B1-C48-H28	8.03	47.72	10.09	13.48	43.79	42.73
B3-C48-H28	13.47	126.11	17.43	38.86	19.65	41.49
B4-C48-H28	13.67	177.57	35.03	34.53	11.29	54.18

图6 低热水泥钢渣砂浆碳化48 h及标准养护28 d的 XRD谱

Fig.6 XRD patterns of low-heat cement-steel slag mortar carbonated for 48 h and standard cured for 28 d

图7 B3和B4试样碳化48 h及标准养护28 d的TG-DTG曲线

Fig.7 TG-DTG curves of specimens B3 and B4 carbonated for 48 h and standard cured for 28 d

图8 低热水泥钢渣砂浆碳化48 h并标准养护28 d FT-IR 谱

Fig.8 FT-IR spectra of low-heat cement and steel slag mortar after carbonation for 48 h and standard cured for 28 d

图9 B1、B3和B4试样碳化48 h及其标准养护28 d的SEM照片和EDS谱

Fig.9 SEM images and EDS spectra of specimens B1， B3， and B4 carbonated for 48 h and standard cured for 28 d

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