陶砂轻质砂浆的组分配合比优化及性能研究

doi:10.16552/j.cnki.issn1001-1625.2025.0783

硅酸盐通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (2): 413-425.DOI: 10.16552/j.cnki.issn1001-1625.2025.0783

陶砂轻质砂浆的组分配合比优化及性能研究

孔昕¹(), 吴佳明²(), 宋本腾¹, 王振兴³, 叶正茂⁴()

^1.中建八局建筑科技（山东）有限公司，济南 251604
^2.济南大学材料科学与工程学院，济南 250022
^3.苏州混凝土水泥制品研究院有限公司，苏州 215021
^4.海南大学热带海洋工程材料及评价全国重点实验室，海口 570228

收稿日期:2025-08-04 修订日期:2025-10-22 出版日期:2026-02-20 发布日期:2026-03-09
通信作者: 吴佳明，博士，副教授。E-mail：mse_wujm@ujn.edu.cn
叶正茂，博士，教授。E-mail：mse_yezm@ujn.edu.cn
作者简介:孔昕（1984—），女。主要从事建筑科技的研究。E-mail：112315118@qq.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(52302021);山东省重点研发计划(2021CXGC010301)

Optimization of Component Mix Proportion and Performance Study of Ceramic Sand Lightweight Mortar

KONG Xin¹(), WU Jiaming²(), SONG Benteng¹, WANG Zhenxing³, YE Zhengmao⁴()

^1.China Construction Eighth Division Building Technology （Shandong） Co. ，Ltd. ，Jinan 251604，China
^2.School of Materials Science and Engineering，University of Jinan，Jinan 250022，China
^3.Suzhou Concrete and Cement Products Research Institute Co. ，Ltd. ，Suzhou 215021，China
^4.State Key Laboratory of Tropic Ocean Engineering Materials and Materials Evaluation，Hainan University，Haikou 570228，China

Received:2025-08-04 Revised:2025-10-22 Published:2026-02-20 Online:2026-03-09

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本研究针对陶砂轻质砂浆密度与强度之间的矛盾，系统探讨组分配合比对砂浆性能的影响规律及作用机理，重点揭示水胶比与矿粉掺量的协同优化效应。结果表明，随着水胶比增加，砂浆的干密度持续降低，干燥收缩值持续增加，抗氯离子侵蚀能力呈先降低后增加趋势。当水胶比为0.24时，砂浆的吸水率、开口气孔率最低，28 d抗压强度最高，水泥水化程度与孔隙率之间达到最优平衡，水化产物氢氧化钙（CH）与非晶相（C-S-H凝胶）含量的增加显著提高了基体密实度。在此基础上，当矿粉掺量增加至12%（质量分数）时，砂浆的力学性能与耐久性提升显著，干密度达1 465.44 kg/m³，28 d抗压强度为51.6 MPa，吸水率为6.66%，开口气孔率为9.76%，氯离子迁移系数最低，90 d干燥收缩率降低22.88%。矿粉通过二次水化反应与微集料效应填充孔隙，有效降低了孔隙率。本研究为陶砂轻质砂浆的配合比设计提供了参考。

关键词: 轻质砂浆, 陶砂, 水胶比, 矿粉, 力学性能, 耐久性

Abstract:

This study systematically investigated the influence pattern and underlying mechanism of component mix proportion on mortar properties， addressing the contradiction between density and strength in ceramic sand lightweight mortar. It focused on revealing the synergistic optimization effects of the water-to-binder ratio and mineral powder content. The results indicate that as the water-to-binder ratio increases， the dry density of the mortar continuously decreases， the drying shrinkage value continuously increases， and anti-chloride ion erosion ability of the mortar exhibit a trend of decreasing first and then increasing. When the water-to-binder ratio is 0.24， the water absorption and open porosity of mortar are the lowest， the 28 d compressive strength is the highest， and the degree of cement hydration degree and porosity achieve an optimal balance. The increased content of hydration product calcium hydroxide （CH） and amorphous phase （C-S-H gel） enhances the matrix compactness.Based on this， when the mineral powder content is increased to 12% （mass fraction）， the mechanical and durability properties of the mortar are significantly improved. The dry density reaches 1 465.44 kg/m³， the 28 d compressive strength is 51.6 MPa， the water absorption rate is 6.66%， the open porosity is 9.76%， the chloride ion migration coefficient is the lowest， and the 90 d drying shrinkage rate decreases by 22.88%. Mineral powder fills the pores through secondary hydration reactions and the micro-aggregate effect， thereby reducing the porosity. This study provides a reference for the mix proportion design of ceramic sand lightweight mortar.

Key words: lightweight mortar, ceramic sand, water-to-binder ratio, mineral powder, mechanical property, durability

中图分类号:

TU528.2

孔昕, 吴佳明, 宋本腾, 王振兴, 叶正茂. 陶砂轻质砂浆的组分配合比优化及性能研究[J]. 硅酸盐通报, 2026, 45(2): 413-425.

KONG Xin, WU Jiaming, SONG Benteng, WANG Zhenxing, YE Zhengmao. Optimization of Component Mix Proportion and Performance Study of Ceramic Sand Lightweight Mortar[J]. BULLETIN OF THE CHINESE CERAMIC SOCIETY, 2026, 45(2): 413-425.

图/表 20

表1 水泥的主要化学组成

Table 1 Main chemical composition of cement

Chemical composition	CaO	SiO₂	Fe₂O₃	Al₂O₃	MgO	SO₃	Na₂O
Mass fraction/%	59.67	21.01	3.28	3.84	3.36	3.24	0.21

图1 水泥粒径分布

Fig.1 Particle size distribution of cement

表2 陶砂的物理性质

Table 2 Physical properties of ceramic sand

Packing density/（kg·m^-3）	Apparent density/（kg·m^-3）	Cylinder compressive strength/MPa	1 h water absorption rate/%	Saturated water absorption rate/%
550	880	4.3	14.70	18.00

图2 陶砂24 h吸水速率

Fig.2 Water absorption rate of ceramic sand over 24 h

表3 矿粉的物理性能

Table 3 Physical properties of mineral powder

Particle size/μm		Specific surface area/（m²·kg^-1）	Density/（g·cm^-3）	Loss （mass fraction）/%
D₉₀	D₅₀	Specific surface area/（m²·kg^-1）	Density/（g·cm^-3）	Loss （mass fraction）/%
≤27	≤16	≥470	≥2.80	≤1.0

表4 不同水胶比的陶砂轻质砂浆配合比

Table 4 Mix proportion of ceramic sand lightweight mortar with different water-to-binder ratios

Sample No.	Water-to-binder ratio	Mass/g
Sample No.	Water-to-binder ratio	Cement	Ceramic sand	Water reducer	Water
W1	0.22	900	380	3.6	198
W2	0.24	900	380	3.6	216
W3	0.26	900	380	3.6	234
W4	0.28	900	380	3.6	252

表5 不同矿粉掺量的陶砂轻质砂浆配合比

Table 5 Mix proportion of ceramic sand lightweight mortar with different mineral powder content

Sample No.	Mineral powder content （mass fraction）/%	Mass/g
Sample No.	Mineral powder content （mass fraction）/%	Cement	Mineral powder	Ceramic sand	Water reducer	Water
M1	4	864	36	380	3.6	216
M2	8	828	72	380	3.6	216
M3	12	792	108	380	3.6	216
M4	16	756	144	380	3.6	216

图3 不同水胶比下砂浆的密实度与吸水性

Fig.3 Density and water absorption of mortar under different water-to-binder ratio

图4 砂浆的自然干燥收缩值

Fig.4 Natural drying shrinkage value of mortar

图5 水胶比对砂浆力学性能的影响

Fig.5 Effect of water-to-binder ratio on mechanical properties of mortar

图6 水胶比对砂浆氯离子迁移系数的影响

Fig.6 Effect of water-to-binder ratio on chloride ion migration coefficient of mortar

图7 不同水胶比水泥基体的TG曲线和CH含量变化

Fig.7 TG curves and CH content variation of cement matrix with different water-to-binder ratios

图8 不同水胶比水泥基体XRD定量分析

Fig.8 XRD quantitative analysis of cement matrix with different water-to-binder ratios

图9 不同矿粉掺量下砂浆的密实度与吸水性

Fig.9 Density and water absorption of mortar with different mineral powder content

图10 砂浆的自然干燥收缩值

Fig.10 Natural drying shrinkage value of mortar

图11 矿粉掺量对砂浆力学性能的影响

Fig.11 Effect of mineral powder content on mechanical properties of mortar

图12 矿粉掺量对砂浆氯离子迁移系数的影响

Fig.12 Effect of mineral powder content on chloride ion migration coefficient of mortar

图13 不同矿粉掺量水泥基体的TG曲线和CH含量变化

Fig.13 TG curves and CH content change of cement matrix with different mineral powder content

图14 不同矿粉掺量水泥基体XRD定量分析

Fig.14 XRD quantitative analysis of cement matrix with different mineral powder content

图15 陶砂轻质砂浆28 d样品断面SEM照片

Fig.15 SEM images of fracture surface of 28 d ceramic sand lightweight mortar sample

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陶砂轻质砂浆的组分配合比优化及性能研究

Optimization of Component Mix Proportion and Performance Study of Ceramic Sand Lightweight Mortar

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