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硅酸盐通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (4): 1324-1334.DOI: 10.16552/j.cnki.issn1001-1625.2025.0934

• 陶瓷 • 上一篇    下一篇

热压烧结SiCN陶瓷的介电和吸波性能

刘宏瑞1,2(), 马登浩2, 陈科3, 程业红4, 王洪磊1(), 余金山1, 周新贵1()   

  1. 1.国防科技大学新型陶瓷纤维及其复合材料全国重点实验室,长沙 410073
    2.航天材料及工艺研究所先进功能复合材料技术重点实验室,北京 100076
    3.河北工业大学材料科学与工程学院,天津 300401
    4.河北工业大学机械工程学院,天津 300401
  • 收稿日期:2025-09-19 修订日期:2025-10-03 出版日期:2026-04-20 发布日期:2026-05-14
  • 通信作者: 王洪磊,博士,副教授。E-mail:honglei.wang@163.com;
    周新贵,博士,教授。E-mail:zhouxinguilmy@163.com
  • 作者简介:刘宏瑞(1987—),男,博士研究生。主要从事陶瓷基复合材料方面的研究。E-mail:liu_hongrui@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(52272100);天津市科技计划项目(23YDTPJC00970)

Dielectric Property and Microwave Absorption Performance of Hot-Pressing Sintering SiCN Ceramics

LIU Hongrui1,2(), MA Denghao2, CHEN Ke3, CHENG Yehong4, WANG Honglei1(), YU Jinshan1, ZHOU Xingui1()   

  1. 1.State Key Laboratory of New Ceramic Fibers and Composites,National University of Defense Technology,Changsha 410073,China
    2.Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Composites Technology,Aerospace Research Institute of Materials and Processing Technology,Beijing 100076,China
    3.School of Materials Science and Engineering,Hebei University of Technology,Tianjin 300401,China
    4.School of Mechanical Engineering,Hebei University of Technology,Tianjin 300401,China
  • Received:2025-09-19 Revised:2025-10-03 Published:2026-04-20 Online:2026-05-14

摘要:

SiCN陶瓷具有低密度、出色的高温稳定性与可调的介电特性,是满足高速飞行器对轻质、耐高温、高效吸波迫切需求的关键材料体系之一,但阻抗失配是制约其吸波性能进一步提升的瓶颈,其中,热处理温度通过改变材料物相组成与微观结构,成为调控SiCN陶瓷阻抗匹配特性的关键因素。因此,本文通过调控热处理温度优化SiCN陶瓷的介电特性和吸波性能,采用先驱体预裂解结合热压烧结工艺在不同温度下制备了SiCN陶瓷样品,通过波导法准确测量陶瓷样品的复介电常数。结果表明,1 300 ℃热压烧结制备的SiCN陶瓷具有适宜的复介电常数和阻抗匹配特性,在X波段和Ku波段表现出优异的吸波性能,有效吸收带宽分别达到2.86和4.42 GHz。1 400 ℃热压烧结制备的SiCN陶瓷的石墨化程度提高、复介电常数过高引发阻抗失配,导致表面反射加剧、吸波性能下降。

关键词: SiCN陶瓷, 热压烧结温度, 阻抗匹配, 介电性能, 雷达散射截面, 吸波性能

Abstract:

SiCN ceramics are recognized as a pivotal material system for meeting the urgent demand for lightweight, high-temperature resistant, and highly efficient microwave absorption in high-speed aircraft, owing to their low densities, exceptional thermal stability, and tunable dielectric properties. However, impedance mismatching remains a critical bottleneck restricting the further enhancement of their microwave absorption performance. Among various factors, heat-treatment temperature plays a key role in tailoring the impedance matching characteristics by modifying the phase composition and microstructure of SiCN ceramics. To address these, this work optimized the dielectric property and microwave absorption performance of SiCN ceramics by controlling the sintering temperature and fabricated SiCN ceramic specimens via a precursor pre-pyrolysis approach followed by hot-pressing sintering process at different temperatures. The complex permittivity of ceramic specimens was accurately characterized using the waveguide method. The results show that the SiCN ceramics prepared by hot-pressing sintering at 1 300 ℃ exhibits well-balanced dielectric properties and favorable impedance matching, leading to outstanding microwave absorption performance in both X-band and Ku-band, with effective absorption bandwidths reaching 2.86 and 4.42 GHz, respectively. The SiCN ceramics prepared by hot-pressing sintering at 1 400 ℃ exhibits a higher degree of graphitization and an excessively high complex permittivity, which causes impedance mismatching, leading to increased surface reflection and a decline in microwave absorption performance.

Key words: SiCN ceramics, hot-pressing sintering temperature, impedance matching, dielectric property, radar cross section, microwave absorption performance

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