硅酸盐通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (4): 1335-1345.DOI: 10.16552/j.cnki.issn1001-1625.2025.0975
收稿日期:2025-10-04
修订日期:2025-11-21
出版日期:2026-04-20
发布日期:2026-05-14
作者简介:陈冬丽(1981—),女,讲师。主要从事非金属陶瓷材料研究及应用。E-mail:406212920@qq.com
基金资助:
CHEN Dongli1,2(
), WU Liaoxing1, WANG Haibo1,2
Received:2025-10-04
Revised:2025-11-21
Published:2026-04-20
Online:2026-05-14
摘要:
为实现攀西矿产资源在陶瓷釉料领域的应用,本研究以攀西地区高岭土和钒钛磁铁矿为原料,通过正交与单因素试验优化,成功制备出红色油滴釉。最佳工艺参数为1 250 ℃烧结、保温20 min,所得釉面油滴斑纹圆润,光泽度达70.5 GU。XRD与拉曼分析表明,釉层主晶相为α-Fe2O3,源于钒钛磁铁矿高温氧化;油滴生长符合JMA动力学模型,保温20 min时速率常数最高(K=2.535),30 min时油滴覆盖率峰值达77.77%。烧成制度调控机制显示:温度(1 240~1 260 ℃)升高促进油滴生长,但超过1 260 ℃会因熔体黏度降低导致异常团聚;保温时间(10~30 min)延长可提升析晶均匀性,但超过30 min会引发奥斯特瓦尔德熟化。
中图分类号:
陈冬丽, 吴廖兴, 王海波. 红色油滴釉的制备及析晶动力学表征[J]. 硅酸盐通报, 2026, 45(4): 1335-1345.
CHEN Dongli, WU Liaoxing, WANG Haibo. Preparation and Crystallization Kinetics Characterization of Red Oil Droplet Glaze[J]. BULLETIN OF THE CHINESE CERAMIC SOCIETY, 2026, 45(4): 1335-1345.
| Raw material | Mass fraction/% | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SiO2 | Al2O3 | K2O | Na2O | Fe2O3 | CaO | MgO | CaCO3 | P2O5 | Lost | Total | |
| Calcite | 0.05 | 0.01 | — | — | 0.06 | — | 1.11 | 98.07 | — | 0.70 | 100.00 |
| Potassium feldspar | 75.00 | 10.88 | 12.00 | 0.10 | 0.24 | 0.39 | 0.11 | 0.08 | — | 1.20 | 100.00 |
| Sodium feldspar | 70.26 | 17.80 | 0.89 | 9.50 | 0.16 | 0.12 | 0.06 | — | — | 1.21 | 100.00 |
| Kaolin | 71.20 | 19.28 | 4.79 | 0.26 | 0.40 | 0.88 | 0.94 | — | — | 2.25 | 100.00 |
| Quartz | 97.71 | 1.34 | 0.36 | 0.57 | 0.02 | — | — | — | — | — | 100.00 |
| Vanadium-titanium magnetite | 23.61 | 12.52 | — | 0.37 | 45.69 | 5.32 | 9.24 | — | — | 3.25 | 100.00 |
| Burned talc | 64.30 | 0.20 | 0.06 | — | 0.48 | 0.08 | 34.88 | — | — | — | 100.00 |
| Bone | 0.45 | 0.13 | 0.30 | 1.60 | 0.01 | 54.50 | 0.75 | — | 41.10 | 1.16 | 100.00 |
表1 釉用矿物原料的主要化学组成
Table 1 Main chemical composition of mineral raw materials for glazes
| Raw material | Mass fraction/% | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SiO2 | Al2O3 | K2O | Na2O | Fe2O3 | CaO | MgO | CaCO3 | P2O5 | Lost | Total | |
| Calcite | 0.05 | 0.01 | — | — | 0.06 | — | 1.11 | 98.07 | — | 0.70 | 100.00 |
| Potassium feldspar | 75.00 | 10.88 | 12.00 | 0.10 | 0.24 | 0.39 | 0.11 | 0.08 | — | 1.20 | 100.00 |
| Sodium feldspar | 70.26 | 17.80 | 0.89 | 9.50 | 0.16 | 0.12 | 0.06 | — | — | 1.21 | 100.00 |
| Kaolin | 71.20 | 19.28 | 4.79 | 0.26 | 0.40 | 0.88 | 0.94 | — | — | 2.25 | 100.00 |
| Quartz | 97.71 | 1.34 | 0.36 | 0.57 | 0.02 | — | — | — | — | — | 100.00 |
| Vanadium-titanium magnetite | 23.61 | 12.52 | — | 0.37 | 45.69 | 5.32 | 9.24 | — | — | 3.25 | 100.00 |
| Burned talc | 64.30 | 0.20 | 0.06 | — | 0.48 | 0.08 | 34.88 | — | — | — | 100.00 |
| Bone | 0.45 | 0.13 | 0.30 | 1.60 | 0.01 | 54.50 | 0.75 | — | 41.10 | 1.16 | 100.00 |
| No. | Mass fraction/% | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Vanadium-titanium magnetite | Bone | Quartz | |
| 1# | 10 | 10 | 16 |
| 2# | 10 | 12 | 20 |
| 3# | 10 | 14 | 18 |
| 4# | 12 | 10 | 20 |
| 5# | 12 | 12 | 18 |
| 6# | 12 | 14 | 16 |
| 7# | 14 | 10 | 18 |
| 8# | 14 | 12 | 16 |
| 9# | 14 | 14 | 20 |
表2 红色油滴釉L9(33)正交试验方案
Table 2 Orthogonal test scheme for red oil droplet glaze L9(33)
| No. | Mass fraction/% | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Vanadium-titanium magnetite | Bone | Quartz | |
| 1# | 10 | 10 | 16 |
| 2# | 10 | 12 | 20 |
| 3# | 10 | 14 | 18 |
| 4# | 12 | 10 | 20 |
| 5# | 12 | 12 | 18 |
| 6# | 12 | 14 | 16 |
| 7# | 14 | 10 | 18 |
| 8# | 14 | 12 | 16 |
| 9# | 14 | 14 | 20 |
| No. | Orthogonal optimal formula | Holding time/min | Firing temperature/℃ |
|---|---|---|---|
| 11# | m(Sodium feldspar)∶m(Potassium feldspar)∶m(Burned talc)∶m(Calcite)∶m(Kaolinite)∶m(Vanadium-titanium magnetite)∶m(Bone)∶m(Quartz)=22.5%∶17.5%∶12%∶6%∶10%∶12%∶12%∶18% | 20 | 1 240 |
| 12# | 20 | 1 250 | |
| 13# | 20 | 1 260 | |
| 14# | 20 | 1 270 | |
| 15# | 20 | 1 280 | |
| 16# | 10 | 1250 | |
| 17# | 20 | 1250 | |
| 18# | 30 | 1250 | |
| 19# | 40 | 1250 | |
| 20# | 50 | 1250 |
表3 单因素试验方案
Table 3 Single-factor experimental scheme
| No. | Orthogonal optimal formula | Holding time/min | Firing temperature/℃ |
|---|---|---|---|
| 11# | m(Sodium feldspar)∶m(Potassium feldspar)∶m(Burned talc)∶m(Calcite)∶m(Kaolinite)∶m(Vanadium-titanium magnetite)∶m(Bone)∶m(Quartz)=22.5%∶17.5%∶12%∶6%∶10%∶12%∶12%∶18% | 20 | 1 240 |
| 12# | 20 | 1 250 | |
| 13# | 20 | 1 260 | |
| 14# | 20 | 1 270 | |
| 15# | 20 | 1 280 | |
| 16# | 10 | 1250 | |
| 17# | 20 | 1250 | |
| 18# | 30 | 1250 | |
| 19# | 40 | 1250 | |
| 20# | 50 | 1250 |
| No. | Glaze macro effect | Colordifference | Glossiness/GU | Thermal shock index/℃ |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1# | There are scattered small oil droplets, and the glaze surface is smooth | 135.05 | 29.5 | 190 |
| 2# | There are a few small oil droplets, and the glaze surface is smooth | 128.34 | 20.1 | 190 |
| 3# | Oil droplets merge into a continuous layer, and the glaze surface is smooth | 131.04 | 44.1 | 185 |
| 4# | There are small, dispersed oil droplets distributed evenly, with a smooth glaze surface | 127.00 | 56.0 | 180 |
| 5# | There are a large number of well-formed, large oil droplets distributed uniformly,with a smooth glaze surface | 122.39 | 70.5 | 185 |
| 6# | There are a few small oil droplets, and the glaze surface is smooth | 131.26 | 45.3 | 190 |
| 7# | There are scattered small oil droplets distributed evenly, with a smooth glaze surface | 125.92 | 68.1 | 180 |
| 8# | Oil droplets merge into a continuous layer, and the glaze surface is smooth | 128.74 | 43.0 | 180 |
| 9# | There are a large number of well-formed small oil droplets, evenly distributed,with a smooth glaze surface | 132.69 | 19.2 | 180 |
表4 釉面外观形貌及性能
Table 4 Appearance and properties of glaze
| No. | Glaze macro effect | Colordifference | Glossiness/GU | Thermal shock index/℃ |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1# | There are scattered small oil droplets, and the glaze surface is smooth | 135.05 | 29.5 | 190 |
| 2# | There are a few small oil droplets, and the glaze surface is smooth | 128.34 | 20.1 | 190 |
| 3# | Oil droplets merge into a continuous layer, and the glaze surface is smooth | 131.04 | 44.1 | 185 |
| 4# | There are small, dispersed oil droplets distributed evenly, with a smooth glaze surface | 127.00 | 56.0 | 180 |
| 5# | There are a large number of well-formed, large oil droplets distributed uniformly,with a smooth glaze surface | 122.39 | 70.5 | 185 |
| 6# | There are a few small oil droplets, and the glaze surface is smooth | 131.26 | 45.3 | 190 |
| 7# | There are scattered small oil droplets distributed evenly, with a smooth glaze surface | 125.92 | 68.1 | 180 |
| 8# | Oil droplets merge into a continuous layer, and the glaze surface is smooth | 128.74 | 43.0 | 180 |
| 9# | There are a large number of well-formed small oil droplets, evenly distributed,with a smooth glaze surface | 132.69 | 19.2 | 180 |
| Indicator | A | B | C | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Glossiness | k1 | 31.23 | 51.20 | 39.27 |
| k2 | 57.27 | 44.53 | 60.90 | |
| k 3 | 43.43 | 36.20 | 31.77 | |
| R | 26.03 | 15.00 | 29.13 | |
| Primary and secondary order of factors | C>A>B | |||
| Optimal combination | C2A2B1 | |||
| Color difference | k1 | 131.48 | 129.33 | 131.69 |
| k2 | 126.88 | 126.49 | 126.45 | |
| k3 | 129.68 | 132.23 | 129.91 | |
| R | 4.59 | 5.18 | 5.24 | |
| Primary and secondary order of factors | C>B>A | |||
| Optimal combination | C2B2A2 | |||
表5 正交试验极差分析
Table 5 Orthogonal experiment range analysis
| Indicator | A | B | C | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Glossiness | k1 | 31.23 | 51.20 | 39.27 |
| k2 | 57.27 | 44.53 | 60.90 | |
| k 3 | 43.43 | 36.20 | 31.77 | |
| R | 26.03 | 15.00 | 29.13 | |
| Primary and secondary order of factors | C>A>B | |||
| Optimal combination | C2A2B1 | |||
| Color difference | k1 | 131.48 | 129.33 | 131.69 |
| k2 | 126.88 | 126.49 | 126.45 | |
| k3 | 129.68 | 132.23 | 129.91 | |
| R | 4.59 | 5.18 | 5.24 | |
| Primary and secondary order of factors | C>B>A | |||
| Optimal combination | C2B2A2 | |||
| No. | Firing temperature/℃ | L* | a* | b* | x | y |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 11# | 1 230 | 30.26 | 3.74 | 10.10 | 0.429 92 | 0.464 20 |
| 12# | 1 240 | 22.82 | 7.70 | 7.85 | 0.437 49 | 0.451 79 |
| 13# | 1 250 | 24.56 | 10.10 | 7.76 | 0.436 94 | 0.450 56 |
| 14# | 1 260 | 23.06 | 9.71 | 8.50 | 0.440 16 | 0.447 35 |
| 15# | 1 270 | 25.61 | 11.16 | 8.65 | 0.439 65 | 0.447 53 |
表6 不同烧成温度样品釉面的色度数据
Table 6 Colorimetric data of glaze for samples at different firing temperatures
| No. | Firing temperature/℃ | L* | a* | b* | x | y |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 11# | 1 230 | 30.26 | 3.74 | 10.10 | 0.429 92 | 0.464 20 |
| 12# | 1 240 | 22.82 | 7.70 | 7.85 | 0.437 49 | 0.451 79 |
| 13# | 1 250 | 24.56 | 10.10 | 7.76 | 0.436 94 | 0.450 56 |
| 14# | 1 260 | 23.06 | 9.71 | 8.50 | 0.440 16 | 0.447 35 |
| 15# | 1 270 | 25.61 | 11.16 | 8.65 | 0.439 65 | 0.447 53 |
| No. | Standard peak position/cm-1 | Sample peak position/cm-1 | Vibration mode |
|---|---|---|---|
| a | 225 | 225 | A1g(Fe—O—Fe) |
| b | 245 | 247 | Eg(Fe—O) |
| c | 292 | 292 | Eg(Fe—O) |
| d | 411 | 412 | Eg(Fe—O) |
| e | 614 | 616 | A1g(Fe—O—Fe) |
| f | 1 320 | 1 322 | Eg(C—H) |
表7 特征拉曼峰位对比图
Table 7 Comparison of characteristic Raman peak positions
| No. | Standard peak position/cm-1 | Sample peak position/cm-1 | Vibration mode |
|---|---|---|---|
| a | 225 | 225 | A1g(Fe—O—Fe) |
| b | 245 | 247 | Eg(Fe—O) |
| c | 292 | 292 | Eg(Fe—O) |
| d | 411 | 412 | Eg(Fe—O) |
| e | 614 | 616 | A1g(Fe—O—Fe) |
| f | 1 320 | 1 322 | Eg(C—H) |
| No. | Holding time/min | Glossiness/GU | Total oil droplet area/mm2 | Droplet diameter/mm |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 16# | 10 | 16.1 | 257.98 | 0.12 |
| 17# | 20 | 52.1 | 1 022.64 | 0.82 |
| 18# | 30 | 40.6 | 1 244.33 | 1.21 |
| 19# | 40 | 41.2 | 844.69 | 0.93 |
| 20# | 50 | 40.9 | 658.46 | 0.55 |
表8 不同保温时间下红色油滴釉的油滴直径、面积、光泽度
Table 8 Droplet diameter, area, and gloss of red oil droplet glaze at different holding time
| No. | Holding time/min | Glossiness/GU | Total oil droplet area/mm2 | Droplet diameter/mm |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 16# | 10 | 16.1 | 257.98 | 0.12 |
| 17# | 20 | 52.1 | 1 022.64 | 0.82 |
| 18# | 30 | 40.6 | 1 244.33 | 1.21 |
| 19# | 40 | 41.2 | 844.69 | 0.93 |
| 20# | 50 | 40.9 | 658.46 | 0.55 |
| Holding time/min | 10 | 20 | 30 | 40 | 50 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Oil drop formation rate | 0.161 2 | 0.639 1 | 0.777 7 | 0.527 9 | 0.411 5 |
表9 油滴形成率与保温时间的关系
Table 9 Relationship between oil drop formation rate and holding time
| Holding time/min | 10 | 20 | 30 | 40 | 50 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Oil drop formation rate | 0.161 2 | 0.639 1 | 0.777 7 | 0.527 9 | 0.411 5 |
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