硅酸盐通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (2): 663-674.DOI: 10.16552/j.cnki.issn1001-1625.2025.0833
秦娟1(
), 曹果宜2, 史佳宇1, 季强1, 吕嘉睿1, 顾晓敏2, 石健2(
)
收稿日期:2025-08-18
修订日期:2025-09-26
出版日期:2026-02-20
发布日期:2026-03-09
通信作者:
石健,博士,教授。E-mail:shi.j1@ntu.edu.cn作者简介:秦娟(1988—),女,博士,副教授。主要从事环境材料方面的研究。E-mail:qinjuan880816@ntu.edu.cn
基金资助:
QIN Juan1(
), CAO Guoyi2, SHI Jiayu1, JI Qiang1, LYU Jiarui1, GU Xiaomin2, SHI Jian2(
)
Received:2025-08-18
Revised:2025-09-26
Published:2026-02-20
Online:2026-03-09
摘要:
托贝莫来石(TOB)是一种具有高比表面积的层状硅酸钙水合物,因其独特的晶体结构,研究与应用已从传统建材领域拓展至环境修复等功能领域。本文系统梳理了TOB国内外的最新研究成果,对比了传统水热法与微波水热法两种常用合成技术的差异,介绍了为提升其吸附性能采用的不同改性方式(如离子掺杂、热活化、酸洗、负载等),并总结了其对废水中氮磷、重金属和染料等污染物的吸附机理及应用现状。尽管TOB已表现出高效的吸附潜能,但其规模化应用仍面临一系列挑战。本文旨在为TOB的功能化拓展与可持续应用提供理论依据和技术参考,并对未来研究方向提出展望,包括开发高效制备工艺、优化改性技术及探索多领域协同应用等。
中图分类号:
秦娟, 曹果宜, 史佳宇, 季强, 吕嘉睿, 顾晓敏, 石健. 托贝莫来石的晶体结构、合成改性及吸附应用现状[J]. 硅酸盐通报, 2026, 45(2): 663-674.
QIN Juan, CAO Guoyi, SHI Jiayu, JI Qiang, LYU Jiarui, GU Xiaomin, SHI Jian. Current Status of Tobermorite Crystal Structure, Synthesis-Modification, and Adsorption Applications[J]. BULLETIN OF THE CHINESE CERAMIC SOCIETY, 2026, 45(2): 663-674.
| 分类 | 吸附对象 | 材料 | 制备/改性 | 实验参数 | 最佳pH值 | 平衡时间/min | 最大吸附容量/(mg·g-1) | 再生方式 | 循环效果 | 吸附机理 | 年份 | 参考文献 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 氮磷 | TOB | 水热合成 | 初始浓度:20 mg/L;pH值:7.0~9.0;投加量:0~5.0 g/L;反应时间:480 min; | 8.0 | 480 | 9.67 | — | 四次重复使用后,磷去除率40% | 诱导结晶沉淀 | 2015 | [ | |
| Al-TOB | 水热合成 | 初始浓度:50 mg/L;pH值:6.0~14.0;投加量:1.0~2.0 g/L;反应时间:0~2 h;温度:25~45 ℃ | 9.0 | 60 | 48.00 | — | — | 化学沉淀、离子交换 | 2014 | [ | ||
| 镧改性TOB | 水热合成、负载改性 | 初始浓度:100~500 mg/L;投加量:1.0 g/L;pH值:3.0~8.0;反应时间:0~480 min | 3.0 | 480 | 282.51 | — | — | 化学沉淀、静电吸引 | 2024 | [ | ||
| TOB | 水热合成 | 温度:25 ℃;pH值=3.0~10.0;投加量:1.0~10.0 g/L;初始浓度:100~1 000 mg/L;反应时间:0~480 min | 8.0 | 480 | 184.50 | 缓释肥 | NaHCO3溶液中24 h磷缓释率86%;纯水中220 d氮缓释率64% | 静电吸引、化学沉淀、物理吸附 | 2022 | [ | ||
| 10.0 | 301.50 | |||||||||||
| TOB@C@MgO | 水热合成、负载改性 | 投加量:0.5~3.5 g/L;pH值:2.5~9.5;温度:15~35 ℃;反应时间:5~600 min;N/P初始浓度:100/250 mg/L | 8.5 | N:15;P:240 | N:38.40;P:112.70 | 缓释肥 | — | 化学沉淀、静电吸引、物理吸附 | 2022 | [ | ||
| 重金属 | Cr3+ | TOB | 水热合成 | 初始浓度:520~2 600 mg/L;投加量:2.0~10.0 g/L;pH值:1.0~5.0;反应时间:0~6 h | 3.0 | 360 | 253.24 | — | — | 离子交换、配位作用 | 2018 | [ |
| Hg2+ | 聚乙烯亚胺改性TOB | 水热合成、负载改性 | 初始浓度:20~100 mg/L;投加量:0.5~5.0 g/L;pH值:2.0~6.0;温度:25~45 ℃;反应时间:2~480 min | 5.0 | 480 | 43.89 | KI洗脱 | 四次循环后吸附容量26.40 mg/g | 化学螯合、离子交换 | 2024 | [ | |
| Cr6+ | 氨基改性TOB | 水热合成、负载改性 | pH值:2.0~6.0;初始浓度:100~1 000 mg/L;投加量:1.0 g/L;反应时间:120~360 min;温度:25 ℃; | 2.0 | 120 | 498.39 | 纯水洗脱 | 四次循环后吸附容量6.00 mg/g | 还原反应、静电吸引 | 2023 | [ | |
| Pb2+ | 淀粉基TOB水凝胶 | 水溶液聚合法、负载改性 | 初始浓度:0~400 mg/L;投加量:0.4~2.4 g/L;反应时间:0~24 h;温度:25~45 ℃;pH:2.0~6.0 | 5.0 | 720 | 900.25 | HCl和NaOH洗脱 | 五次循环后去除率大于90% | 表面络合反应、静电吸引、离子交换 | 2022 | [ | |
| 染料 | 亚甲基蓝 | TOB | 水热合成 | 初始浓度:250~1 000 mg/L;温度:15~35 ℃;反应时间:72 h;投加量:10.0 g/L | — | 4 320 | 76.28 | — | — | 离子交换、物理吸附 | 2014 | [ |
| 碱性红2 | 热活化酸浸TOB | 水热合成、热活化和酸洗改性 | 初始浓度:50 mg/L;投加量:0~4.5 g/L;pH值:2.0~12.0;温度:25~45 ℃;反应时间:90 min | 6.0 | 90 | 22.57 | 500 ℃煅烧2 h | 四次循环后吸附容量20.53 mg/g | 物理吸附 | 2022 | [ | |
| 结晶紫 | 8.0 | 90 | 38.41 | 四次循环后吸附容量25.42 mg/g | ||||||||
| 其他 | Cs+ | TOB | 水热合成 | 初始浓度:1.0~10.0 mol/L;温度:25~45 ℃;反应时间:0~120 min;投加量:5.0 g/L | — | 15 | 67.78 | — | — | 离子交换 | 2016 | [ |
| CO2 | TOB | 水热合成 | 温度:25 ℃;进气浓度:4 000 mg/L;进气流量:500~1 000 mL/min;温度:25~65 ℃ | — | — | 51.48 | — | 八次循环后吸附容量42.25 mg/g | 物理吸附、化学吸附 | 2024 | [ |
表1 TOB及其改性材料近年来的吸附应用
Table 1 Adsorption applications of TOB and modified TOB in recent years
| 分类 | 吸附对象 | 材料 | 制备/改性 | 实验参数 | 最佳pH值 | 平衡时间/min | 最大吸附容量/(mg·g-1) | 再生方式 | 循环效果 | 吸附机理 | 年份 | 参考文献 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 氮磷 | TOB | 水热合成 | 初始浓度:20 mg/L;pH值:7.0~9.0;投加量:0~5.0 g/L;反应时间:480 min; | 8.0 | 480 | 9.67 | — | 四次重复使用后,磷去除率40% | 诱导结晶沉淀 | 2015 | [ | |
| Al-TOB | 水热合成 | 初始浓度:50 mg/L;pH值:6.0~14.0;投加量:1.0~2.0 g/L;反应时间:0~2 h;温度:25~45 ℃ | 9.0 | 60 | 48.00 | — | — | 化学沉淀、离子交换 | 2014 | [ | ||
| 镧改性TOB | 水热合成、负载改性 | 初始浓度:100~500 mg/L;投加量:1.0 g/L;pH值:3.0~8.0;反应时间:0~480 min | 3.0 | 480 | 282.51 | — | — | 化学沉淀、静电吸引 | 2024 | [ | ||
| TOB | 水热合成 | 温度:25 ℃;pH值=3.0~10.0;投加量:1.0~10.0 g/L;初始浓度:100~1 000 mg/L;反应时间:0~480 min | 8.0 | 480 | 184.50 | 缓释肥 | NaHCO3溶液中24 h磷缓释率86%;纯水中220 d氮缓释率64% | 静电吸引、化学沉淀、物理吸附 | 2022 | [ | ||
| 10.0 | 301.50 | |||||||||||
| TOB@C@MgO | 水热合成、负载改性 | 投加量:0.5~3.5 g/L;pH值:2.5~9.5;温度:15~35 ℃;反应时间:5~600 min;N/P初始浓度:100/250 mg/L | 8.5 | N:15;P:240 | N:38.40;P:112.70 | 缓释肥 | — | 化学沉淀、静电吸引、物理吸附 | 2022 | [ | ||
| 重金属 | Cr3+ | TOB | 水热合成 | 初始浓度:520~2 600 mg/L;投加量:2.0~10.0 g/L;pH值:1.0~5.0;反应时间:0~6 h | 3.0 | 360 | 253.24 | — | — | 离子交换、配位作用 | 2018 | [ |
| Hg2+ | 聚乙烯亚胺改性TOB | 水热合成、负载改性 | 初始浓度:20~100 mg/L;投加量:0.5~5.0 g/L;pH值:2.0~6.0;温度:25~45 ℃;反应时间:2~480 min | 5.0 | 480 | 43.89 | KI洗脱 | 四次循环后吸附容量26.40 mg/g | 化学螯合、离子交换 | 2024 | [ | |
| Cr6+ | 氨基改性TOB | 水热合成、负载改性 | pH值:2.0~6.0;初始浓度:100~1 000 mg/L;投加量:1.0 g/L;反应时间:120~360 min;温度:25 ℃; | 2.0 | 120 | 498.39 | 纯水洗脱 | 四次循环后吸附容量6.00 mg/g | 还原反应、静电吸引 | 2023 | [ | |
| Pb2+ | 淀粉基TOB水凝胶 | 水溶液聚合法、负载改性 | 初始浓度:0~400 mg/L;投加量:0.4~2.4 g/L;反应时间:0~24 h;温度:25~45 ℃;pH:2.0~6.0 | 5.0 | 720 | 900.25 | HCl和NaOH洗脱 | 五次循环后去除率大于90% | 表面络合反应、静电吸引、离子交换 | 2022 | [ | |
| 染料 | 亚甲基蓝 | TOB | 水热合成 | 初始浓度:250~1 000 mg/L;温度:15~35 ℃;反应时间:72 h;投加量:10.0 g/L | — | 4 320 | 76.28 | — | — | 离子交换、物理吸附 | 2014 | [ |
| 碱性红2 | 热活化酸浸TOB | 水热合成、热活化和酸洗改性 | 初始浓度:50 mg/L;投加量:0~4.5 g/L;pH值:2.0~12.0;温度:25~45 ℃;反应时间:90 min | 6.0 | 90 | 22.57 | 500 ℃煅烧2 h | 四次循环后吸附容量20.53 mg/g | 物理吸附 | 2022 | [ | |
| 结晶紫 | 8.0 | 90 | 38.41 | 四次循环后吸附容量25.42 mg/g | ||||||||
| 其他 | Cs+ | TOB | 水热合成 | 初始浓度:1.0~10.0 mol/L;温度:25~45 ℃;反应时间:0~120 min;投加量:5.0 g/L | — | 15 | 67.78 | — | — | 离子交换 | 2016 | [ |
| CO2 | TOB | 水热合成 | 温度:25 ℃;进气浓度:4 000 mg/L;进气流量:500~1 000 mL/min;温度:25~65 ℃ | — | — | 51.48 | — | 八次循环后吸附容量42.25 mg/g | 物理吸附、化学吸附 | 2024 | [ |
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