工业固废中重金属离子浸出与固化/稳定化

doi:10.16552/j.cnki.issn1001-1625.2025.0004

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 工业固废中重金属元素存在种类多、区域特性明显、价态毒性多变、迁移转化形式多样、状态不稳定等特征。重金属离子的浸出是制约工业固废资源化利用的关键问题。本文综述了国内外主要工业固废中重金属离子的浸出方法及浸出机理,对比了优缺点,并重点介绍了修复重金属污染常用的固化/稳定化方法及作用机理,综述了影响重金属离子固化/稳定化的主要因素,最后对工业固废中重金属检测及固化/稳定化进行展望,期望为探明重金属离子浸出行为及固化/稳定化特性与作用机制提供参考,为实现工业固废高效安全资源化利用提供借鉴。

关键词: 工业固废, 重金属, 浸出, 固化, 稳定化

Abstract: Heavy metal elements in industrial solid waste have the characteristics of various types, obvious regional characteristics, variable valence toxicity, various forms of migration and transformation, and unstable state. The leaching of heavy metal ions is a key problem restricting the resource utilization of industrial solid waste. In this paper, the leaching methods and leaching mechanisms of heavy metal ions in main industrial solid wastes at home and abroad are reviewed, and their advantages and disadvantages are compared. The solidification/stabilization methods and their mechanism of action commonly used in remediation of heavy metal pollution are mainly introduced. The main factors affecting the solidification/stabilization of heavy metal ions are reviewed. Finally, the detection and solidification/stabilization of heavy metals in industrial solid wastes are prospected. It is expected to provide reference for exploring the leaching behavior of heavy metal ions and the characteristics and mechanism of solidification/stabilization, and provide reference for realizing the efficient and safe resource utilization of industrial solid wastes.

Key words: industrial solid waste, heavy metal, leaching, solidification, stabilization

中图分类号:

X592

李康丽, 卢晓磊, 朱江, 姜葱葱, 张丽娜, 程新. 工业固废中重金属离子浸出与固化/稳定化[J]. 硅酸盐通报, 2025, 44(8): 2856-2872.

LI Kangli, LU Xiaolei, ZHU Jiang, JIANG Congcong, ZHANG Lina, CHENG Xin. Leaching and Solidification/Stabilization of Heavy Metal Ions in Industrial Solid Wastes[J]. BULLETIN OF THE CHINESE CERAMIC SOCIETY, 2025, 44(8): 2856-2872.

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