低碳窑渣固废陶瓷烧制过程无机矿相演变及重金属固化机理

doi:10.16552/j.cnki.issn1001-1625.2024.1205

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 提锌二次窑渣是一类富含重金属的低碳固废,将其制备成陶瓷能够实现资源化利用。本文采用X射线衍射(XRD)分析和重金属浸出实验等分析方法,研究了预热温度对低碳窑渣固废陶瓷物理性能和重金属固结效果的影响。研究结果表明,预热温度500 ℃工况下烧制出的陶瓷样品性能最优。预热过程有效脱除了陶瓷生坯中的碳硫组分,促进了易挥发物质的提前挥发,从而在后续烧结过程中减少了样品内部的微孔,提高了致密化程度,最终导致陶瓷样品抗折强度的显著提升。在预热后的烧结过程中,Fe²⁺被氧化成游离的Fe³⁺,促进了透辉石向辉石的转化过程。辉石结构具有优异的重金属固结能力,部分Zn²⁺和Mn⁴⁺以此结构被固定。此外,陶瓷内部硫酸盐的存在能促进其硅铝酸化。重金属浸出实验结果显示,多种重金属的释放率均低于0.3%,其浸出浓度均低于国家标准限值1~2个数量级。经预热处理的低碳窑渣固废制备的陶瓷不仅力学性能优异,而且对重金属固结效果良好,适合于含重金属的固废资源化利用。

关键词: 窑渣, 低碳固废, 陶瓷, 预热, 重金属固定, 重金属浸出

Abstract: Zinc secondary slag is a type of low-carbon solid waste rich in heavy metals, and its conversion into ceramics can achieve resource utilization. This study employed X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and heavy metal leaching experiments to investigate the effects of preheating temperature on the physical properties and heavy metal solidification efficacy of ceramics derived from low-carbon slag solid waste. The ceramic samples produced after preheating at 500 ℃ exhibit optimal performance. The preheating process effectively removes carbon and sulfur components from the ceramic green body and facilitates the early volatilization of volatile substances, thereby reducing internal micropores during subsequent sintering and enhancing densification. This ultimately leads to a significant improvement in the bending strength of the ceramic samples. During the sintering process following preheating, Fe²⁺ is oxidized to free Fe³⁺, promoting the transformation of clinopyroxene to pyroxene. The pyroxene structure possesses excellent heavy metal solidification capabilities, with some Zn²⁺ and Mn⁴⁺ being fixed in this structure. Additionally, the presence of sulfates within the ceramics promoted its silicoaluminization. Heavy metal leaching experiments reveal that the release rates of various heavy metals are less than 0.3%, with their leaching concentrations being 1~2 order of magnitude lower than national standard limits. Ceramics prepared from preheated low-carbon slag solid waste not only exhibit excellent mechanical properties, but also demonstrate good heavy metal solidification effects, making them suitable for the resource utilization of heavy metal-containing solid waste.

Key words: slag, low-carbon solid waste, ceramics, preheating, heavy metal solidification, heavy metal leaching

中图分类号:

X703.5

郭正旺, 肖海平, 张绪钦, 李岩, 李宇. 低碳窑渣固废陶瓷烧制过程无机矿相演变及重金属固化机理[J]. 硅酸盐通报, 2025, 44(4): 1566-1573.

GUO Zhengwang, XIAO Haiping, ZHANG Xuqin, LI Yan, LI Yu. Evolution of Inorganic Mineral Phases and Heavy Metal Solidification Mechanisms in Ceramic Production Process from Low-Carbon Slag Solid Waste[J]. BULLETIN OF THE CHINESE CERAMIC SOCIETY, 2025, 44(4): 1566-1573.

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