Mechanical Properties Analysis and Optimal Mix Proportion Prediction of Cement-Stabilized Crushed Stone with Recycled Aggregate

doi:10.16552/j.cnki.issn1001-1625.2025.1285

Abstract

Abstract:

To achieve the resource recycling of waste road concrete recycled aggregate in road base courses， this study combined experimental analysis and artificial intelligence methods were employed to investigate the effects of different cement content （3.50%， 4.50%， 5.50%， mass fraction） and recycled aggregate incorporation rates （4.15%， 56.20%， 78.10%， 100.00%， mass fraction） on the maximum dry density， optimum moisture content， unconfined compressive strength， compressive resilient modulus， and splitting strength of cement-stabilized crushed stone containing recycled aggregates from waste road concrete. Based on machine learning and the genetic algorithm （GA）， prediction models for the 7 and 90 d unconfined compressive strength and a gradation optimization model for recycled aggregate cement-stabilized crushed stone were established. The results indicate that higher cement content improves the mechanical properties of recycled aggregate cement-stabilized crushed stone. Increasing the recycled aggregate content reduces the maximum dry density and raises the optimum moisture content. An appropriate amount of recycled aggregate can enhance the 7 and 90 d unconfined compressive strength as well as the 90 d splitting strength， whereas the compressive resilient modulus gradually decreases with increasing recycled aggregate content. When the recycled aggregate content is 78.10% and the cement content is 5.50%， the representative values of 7 and 90 d unconfined compressive strength are 4.24 and 7.07 MPa， respectively， and the average values of 90 d splitting strength and compressive resilient modulus are 0.64 and 1 925 MPa， all of which meet the relevant specification requirements. Based on the analysis of the mechanical properties of recycled aggregate cement-stabilized crushed stone， a random forest model combined with the genetic algorithm （GA） is selected for gradation optimization， yielding a predicted 7 d unconfined compressive strength of 5.82 MPa for the optimal mixture proportion.

Key words: recycled aggregate, cement-stabilized crushed stone, mechanical property, machine learning, random forest, genetic algorithm

CLC Number:

U414

SHEN Yanli, WEI Guanchao, WANG Peng, WANG Jiawei, XU Lei, WANG Hui, WANG Zhiling, WEI Aikui. Mechanical Properties Analysis and Optimal Mix Proportion Prediction of Cement-Stabilized Crushed Stone with Recycled Aggregate[J]. BULLETIN OF THE CHINESE CERAMIC SOCIETY, 2026, 45(7): 2561-2572.

Figures/Tables 21

References 20

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Aggregate	Apparent density/（g·cm^-3）	Water absorption/%
Natural aggregate	2.757	2.41
Recycled aggregate	2.719	2.74

Aggregate	Apparent density/（g·cm^-3）	Water absorption/%
Natural aggregate	2.757	2.41
Recycled aggregate	2.719	2.74

Gradation	Cement mass fraction/%	Total recycled aggregate mass fraction/%	Recycled aggregate mass fraction of different particle sizes/%
Gradation	Cement mass fraction/%	Total recycled aggregate mass fraction/%	0~<4.75 mm	4.75~<9.50 mm	9.50~<19.00 mm	19.00~26.50 mm
RACS-0	4.50	4.15	0	0	3.00	1.15
RACS-1	4.50	56.20	27.00	8.00	12.00	9.20
RACS-2	4.50	78.10	27.00	14.00	21.00	16.10
RACS-3	4.50	100.00	27.00	20.00	30.00	23.00
RACS-4	3.50	56.20	27.00	8.00	12.00	9.20
RACS-5	3.50	78.10	27.00	14.00	21.00	16.10
RACS-6	3.50	100.00	27.00	20.00	30.00	23.00
RACS-7	5.50	56.20	27.00	8.00	12.00	9.20
RACS-8	5.50	78.10	27.00	14.00	21.00	16.10
RACS-9	5.50	100.00	27.00	20.00	30.00	23.00

Gradation	Cement mass fraction/%	Total recycled aggregate mass fraction/%	Recycled aggregate mass fraction of different particle sizes/%
Gradation	Cement mass fraction/%	Total recycled aggregate mass fraction/%	0~<4.75 mm	4.75~<9.50 mm	9.50~<19.00 mm	19.00~26.50 mm
RACS-0	4.50	4.15	0	0	3.00	1.15
RACS-1	4.50	56.20	27.00	8.00	12.00	9.20
RACS-2	4.50	78.10	27.00	14.00	21.00	16.10
RACS-3	4.50	100.00	27.00	20.00	30.00	23.00
RACS-4	3.50	56.20	27.00	8.00	12.00	9.20
RACS-5	3.50	78.10	27.00	14.00	21.00	16.10
RACS-6	3.50	100.00	27.00	20.00	30.00	23.00
RACS-7	5.50	56.20	27.00	8.00	12.00	9.20
RACS-8	5.50	78.10	27.00	14.00	21.00	16.10
RACS-9	5.50	100.00	27.00	20.00	30.00	23.00

Gradation	Cement mass fraction/%	Total recycled aggregate mass fraction/%	Maximum dry density/ （g·cm^-3）	Optimal moisture mass fraction/%
RACS-0	4.50	4.15	2.381 5	5.64
RACS-1	4.50	56.20	2.261 0	6.16
RACS-2	4.50	78.10	2.227 3	6.46
RACS-3	4.50	100.00	2.215 3	7.16
RACS-4	3.50	56.20	2.258 7	6.04
RACS-5	3.50	78.10	2.223 2	6.40
RACS-6	3.50	100.00	2.214 3	7.02
RACS-7	5.50	56.20	2.268 2	6.72
RACS-8	5.50	78.10	2.240 9	7.16
RACS-9	5.50	100.00	2.238 9	7.23