Mechanical Properties and Shrinkage Properties of Multi-Component Composite Solid Waste Cementitious Materials

doi:10.16552/j.cnki.issn1001-1625.2025.1217

Abstract

Abstract:

To promote the efficient recycling of industrial solid waste and reduce carbon emissions of cement-based materials， this paper utilized tuff powder， fly ash， slag powder， and silica fume to synergistically replace part of cement， preparing a novel multi-component composite solid-waste cementitious material. Four groups of high-activity mix proportion were optimized through pozzolanic activity and strength index tests. Their fluidity， early and late strength （compressive/flexural strength）， autogenous shrinkage， and drying shrinkage performance were systematically tested. Combined with nuclear magnetic resonance （NMR）， X-ray diffraction （XRD）， and scanning electron microscopy （SEM） techniques， the micro-evolution mechanisms of the materials were deeply analyzed.Tests indicate that the introduction of multi-component solid wastes， while causing a slight reduction in early strength， significantly improves early autogenous shrinkage （reduced by 18.3% to 29.7%）. However， due to the increase of free water evaporation caused by the delay of early hydration process， the drying shrinkage of the system increases （increased by 44.0% to 58.3%）.Microscopic analysis reveals that the incorporation of solid waste dilutes clinker concentration in the early stage and retards reaction rates， which is conducive to reducing autogenous shrinkage. However， in drying environments， slower hydration leads to increased free water loss， thereby increasing drying shrinkage. With the extension of curing age， multi-component solid wastes participate in secondary hydration. The generated gel products fill internal defects and significantly increase the proportion of harmless and less harmful pores， thereby optimizing the overall pore structure.

Key words: tuff powder, drying shrinkage, industrial solid waste, autogenous shrinkage, mechanical property, solid waste utilization

CLC Number:

TU526

CHENG Kunyang, LIU Xiaolin, FENG Yuan, WANG Yanpeng, ZHANG Rui, YU Bentian. Mechanical Properties and Shrinkage Properties of Multi-Component Composite Solid Waste Cementitious Materials[J]. BULLETIN OF THE CHINESE CERAMIC SOCIETY, 2026, 45(6): 2041-2051.

Figures/Tables 17

Table 1 Main chemical composition of cement and solid wastes

Material	Mass fraction/%
Material	SiO₂	Al₂O₃	Fe₂O₃	CaO	MgO	Na₂O	K₂O	SO₃	LOI
Cement	26.03	8.22	3.73	54.42	1.63	0.57	1.03	3.61	1.32
Tuff powder	47.40	18.60	12.30	12.20	4.88	1.47	1.19	0.02	5.71
Slag powder	35.47	15.34	0.45	35.38	8.34	0.67	0.34	2.31	0.70
Fly ash	51.45	29.51	5.54	5.34	1.37	1.59	2.01	0.69	4.30
Silica fume	94.25	0.93	1.06	0.77	0.74	0.44	1.24	0.26	2.98

Fig.1 Particle size distribution characteristics of cement and solid wastes

Fig.2 Cumulative particle size distribution curves of cement and solid wastes

Table 2 Mix proportion for pozzolanic activity test

No.	Mass fraction/%					Distilled water volume/mL
No.	Cement	Tuff powder	Slag powder	Fly ash	Silica fume	Distilled water volume/mL
C70T15G10F5	70	15	10	5	—	100
C70T15G10S5	70	15	10	—	5	100
C70T15F10S5	70	15	—	10	5	100
C70T20F5S5	70	20	—	5	5	100
C70T20G5S5	70	20	5	—	5	100
C70T5G5F10S10	70	5	5	10	10	100
C70T5G10F10S5	70	5	10	10	5	100
C70T10G5F5S10	70	10	5	5	10	100

Table 3 Cement mortar mix proportion and 28 d strength activity index

No.	Mass fraction/%					Activity index/%
No.	Cement	Tuff powder	Slag powder	Fly ash	Silica fume	Activity index/%
C100	100	—	—	—	—	100
C70T15G10F5	70	15	10	5	—	83
C70T15G10S5	70	15	10	—	5	94
C70T15F10S5	70	15	—	10	5	89
C70T20F5S5	70	20	—	5	5	82
C70T20G5S5	70	20	5	—	5	93
C70T5G5F10S10	70	5	5	10	10	106
C70T5G10F10S5	70	5	10	10	5	108
C70T10G5F5S10	70	10	5	5	10	100

Fig.3 Pozzolanic activity of multi-component composite solid waste cementitious materials

Fig.4 Fluidity of multi-component composite solid waste cementitious materials

Fig.5 Mechanical strength of multi-component composite solid waste cementitious materials

Fig.6 Early autogenous shrinkage of multi-component composite solid waste cementitious materials

Fig.7 Drying shrinkage of multi-component composite solid waste cementitious materials

Fig.8 Pore structure characteristics of multi-component composite solid waste cementitious materials at early-age （3 d） via NMR technology

Fig.9 Pore structure characteristics of multi-component composite solid waste cementitious materials at age of 28 d via NMR technology

Fig.10 Pore size distribution of multi-component composite solid waste cementitious materials （3 d）

Fig.11 Pore size distribution of multi-component composite solid waste cementitious materials （28 d）

Fig.12 XRD patterns of multi-component composite solid waste cementitious materials （3 d）

Fig.13 XRD patterns of multi-component composite solid waste cementitious materials （28 d）

Fig.14 SEM images of multi-component composite solid waste cementitious materials

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