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硅酸盐通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (7): 2540-2548.DOI: 10.16552/j.cnki.issn1001-1625.2025.1251

• 功能材料 • 上一篇    下一篇

纳米TiO2在水中分散稳定性的影响因素及光催化性能研究

李玉祥1(), 赵蓉2, 鲁勃2, 闫文丽1, 马翌博1, 范海宏1, 程峰1   

  1. 1.西安建筑科技大学材料科学与工程学院,西安 710055
    2.西安市政道桥建设集团有限公司,西安 710016
  • 收稿日期:2025-12-12 修订日期:2026-03-10 出版日期:2026-07-15 发布日期:2026-08-13
  • 作者简介:李玉祥(1978—),男,讲师。主要从事纳米功能材料方面的研究。E-mail:yuxli2021@xauat.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    陕西省重点研发计划(2024GX-YBXM-370)

Influencing Factors of Dispersion Stability and Photocatalytic Performance of Nano-TiO2 in Water

LI Yuxiang1(), ZHAO Rong2, LU Bo2, YAN Wenli1, MA Yibo1, FAN Haihong1, CHENG Feng1   

  1. 1.College of Materials Science and Engineering,Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology,Xi’an 710055,China
    2.Xi’an Municipal Road & Bridge Construction Group Co.,Ltd.,Xi’an 710016,China
  • Received:2025-12-12 Revised:2026-03-10 Published:2026-07-15 Online:2026-08-13

摘要:

纳米TiO2的分散稳定性极大影响其应用性能。本文采用溶胶凝胶法制备不同粒径的纳米TiO2,将其分散到水中,对不同条件下的纳米TiO2分散稳定性进行了表征与分析,并研究其降解罗丹明B的光催化性能。结果表明,纳米TiO2在水中的沉降速率随晶粒尺寸的减小而降低。纳米TiO2分散液pH值为2时,分散稳定性最好;pH值为4时,由于接近等电点,沉降速率大;纳米TiO2分散液在碱性环境下的Zeta电位绝对值小于在酸性环境下的,分散液的稳定性差。六偏磷酸钠对纳米TiO2的分散效果最佳,加入量为30%(质量分数)时,10 d后分散液仍保持很好的稳定性。纳米TiO2的分散稳定性越好时,光催化降解率越高,使用粒径为31.0 nm的纳米TiO2,加入六偏磷酸钠作分散剂,调节纳米TiO2分散液pH值为2时,罗丹明B溶液30 min降解率达到90.1%,60 min降解率达到99.2%,说明改善纳米TiO2在水中的分散性能极大地提高其光催化效率。

关键词: TiO2, 稳定性, 分散剂, 光催化性能, 纳米粉体, Zeta电位

Abstract:

The dispersion stability of nano-TiO2 greatly affects tis application performance. In this paper, nano-TiO2 with different particle sizes were prepared by the sol-gel method and dispersed in water. The dispersion stability of nano-TiO2 under different conditions was characterized and analyzed, and its photocatalytic performance in degrading Rhodamine B was investigated. The results show that the sedimentation rate of nano-TiO2 in water decreases with the decrease of particle size of nano-TiO2. The dispersion stability of the nano-TiO2 suspension is the best when pH 2. At pH 4, the sedimentation rate is high because this pH value is close to the isoelectric point. The absolute value of Zeta potential in an alkaline environment is lower than that in an acidic environment, resulting in poor stability of the nano-TiO2 suspension. Sodium hexametaphosphate exhibits the best dispersion performance on nano-TiO2. When the dosage of sodium hexametaphosphate is 30% (mass fraction), the nano-TiO2 suspension still maintains excellent stability after 10 d. Higher dispersion stability of nano-TiO2 corresponds to higher photocatalytic degradation efficiency. With nano-TiO2 of 31.0 nm, sodium hexametaphosphate as the dispersant, and pH value of the nano-TiO2 suspension adjusted to 2, the degradation rate of Rhodamine B solution reaches 90.1% at 30 min and 99.2% at 60 min, indicating that improving the dispersion of nano-TiO2 in water significantly enhances its photocatalytic efficiency.

Key words: TiO2, stability, dispersant, photocatalytic performance, nanopowder, Zeta potential

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