硅酸盐通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (2): 684-694.DOI: 10.16552/j.cnki.issn1001-1625.2025.0798
收稿日期:2025-08-07
修订日期:2025-09-29
出版日期:2026-02-20
发布日期:2026-03-09
通信作者:
姚梦琴,博士,讲师。E-mail:mqyao@gzu.edu.cn作者简介:杨帅(1999—),男,硕士研究生。主要从事光催化材料的研究。E-mail:shuai990323@163.com
基金资助:
YANG Shuai(
), LI Xia, YAO Mengqin(
), LIU Fei
Received:2025-08-07
Revised:2025-09-29
Published:2026-02-20
Online:2026-03-09
摘要:
光催化是降解四环素(TC)的一种有效方法,而实现这个过程的关键是光催化材料。二氧化钛(TiO2)是一种高效、无污染的光催化材料,但存在光生载流子复合率高和紫外光响应范围窄的问题。本研究针对TiO2的缺陷,采用梯度N掺杂策略对海胆状TiO2进行改性。通过原位水热构建N掺杂TiO2材料体系,系统揭示N掺杂浓度对光催化剂结构及其性能的调控规律。实验结果表明,当氮钛摩尔比(nN∶nTi)为5时,制备的光催化剂(5N-TiO2)光催化性能最佳,在可见光照射120 min下对TC的降解率达到64%,较未掺杂TiO2提升了137%。表征分析表明,5N-TiO2因富含Ti3+和氧空位,通过协同作用将TiO2带隙能量从3.07 eV下降到2.60 eV,大幅提升了光生载流子分离速率。但进一步提高N掺杂浓度发现,过量的N会形成电子-空穴复合中心,从而缩短载流子的寿命,导致10N-TiO2(nN∶nTi=10)的光催化性能降至未掺杂TiO2的41%。
中图分类号:
杨帅, 李霞, 姚梦琴, 刘飞. N掺杂TiO2的制备及其光催化降解四环素的性能研究[J]. 硅酸盐通报, 2026, 45(2): 684-694.
YANG Shuai, LI Xia, YAO Mengqin, LIU Fei. Synthesis of Nitrogen-Doped TiO2 and Its Photocatalytic Performance in Tetracycline Degradation[J]. BULLETIN OF THE CHINESE CERAMIC SOCIETY, 2026, 45(2): 684-694.
| Sample | Average pore diameter/nm | SBET/(m2·g-1) |
|---|---|---|
| TiO2 | 5.80 | 45.50 |
| 0.4N-TiO2 | 5.61 | 71.27 |
| 2N-TiO2 | 4.85 | 75.61 |
| 5N-TiO2 | 6.04 | 79.60 |
| 10N-TiO2 | 10.12 | 66.75 |
表1 不同TiO2的平均孔径和比表面积
Table 1 Average pore diameter and SBET of different TiO2
| Sample | Average pore diameter/nm | SBET/(m2·g-1) |
|---|---|---|
| TiO2 | 5.80 | 45.50 |
| 0.4N-TiO2 | 5.61 | 71.27 |
| 2N-TiO2 | 4.85 | 75.61 |
| 5N-TiO2 | 6.04 | 79.60 |
| 10N-TiO2 | 10.12 | 66.75 |
| Sample | Ti3+/Ti4+ (atomic ratio) | OV peak area |
|---|---|---|
| TiO2 | 0.050 | 27 055.20 |
| 0.4N-TiO2 | 0.074 | 29 363.40 |
| 2N-TiO2 | 0.088 | 32 937.60 |
| 5N-TiO2 | 0.094 | 37 759.30 |
| 10N-TiO2 | 0.079 | 30 129.40 |
表2 不同TiO2中的Ti3+含量和OV峰面积
Table 2 Content of Ti3+ and peak area of OV in different TiO2
| Sample | Ti3+/Ti4+ (atomic ratio) | OV peak area |
|---|---|---|
| TiO2 | 0.050 | 27 055.20 |
| 0.4N-TiO2 | 0.074 | 29 363.40 |
| 2N-TiO2 | 0.088 | 32 937.60 |
| 5N-TiO2 | 0.094 | 37 759.30 |
| 10N-TiO2 | 0.079 | 30 129.40 |
| Sample | TiO2 | 0.4N-TiO2 | 2N-TiO2 | 5N-TiO2 | 10N-TiO2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Eg/eV | 3.07 | 2.89 | 2.81 | 2.60 | 2.71 |
表 3 不同TiO2的带隙能量
Table 3 Band gap energy of different TiO2
| Sample | TiO2 | 0.4N-TiO2 | 2N-TiO2 | 5N-TiO2 | 10N-TiO2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Eg/eV | 3.07 | 2.89 | 2.81 | 2.60 | 2.71 |
| Sample | τ1/ns | A1 (100%) | τ2/ns | A2 (100%) | τave/ns |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TiO2 | 1.08 | 140.41 | 9.47 | 30.17 | 6.56 |
| 0.4N-TiO2 | 0.91 | 179.62 | 11.35 | 17.86 | 6.69 |
| 2N-TiO2 | 0.91 | 164.00 | 10.77 | 20.00 | 6.74 |
| 5N-TiO2 | 0.92 | 141.04 | 11.01 | 34.35 | 8.43 |
| 10N-TiO2 | 1.04 | 201.21 | 5.18 | 13.84 | 2.09 |
表4 不同TiO2的时间分辨荧光衰减参数
Table 4 Time-resolved fluorescence decay parameter of different TiO2
| Sample | τ1/ns | A1 (100%) | τ2/ns | A2 (100%) | τave/ns |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TiO2 | 1.08 | 140.41 | 9.47 | 30.17 | 6.56 |
| 0.4N-TiO2 | 0.91 | 179.62 | 11.35 | 17.86 | 6.69 |
| 2N-TiO2 | 0.91 | 164.00 | 10.77 | 20.00 | 6.74 |
| 5N-TiO2 | 0.92 | 141.04 | 11.01 | 34.35 | 8.43 |
| 10N-TiO2 | 1.04 | 201.21 | 5.18 | 13.84 | 2.09 |
| [1] | 张瞳瞳, 胡红美, 李铁军, 等. 四环素类抗生素的污染现状及去除技术研究进展[J]. 环境科学与管理, 2025, 50(6): 82-87. |
| ZHANG T T, HU H M, LI T J, et al. Research advance on occurrence and removal techniques for tetracycline antibiotics[J]. Environmental Science and Management, 2025, 50(6): 82-87 (in Chinese). | |
| [2] |
AN R, QI Y T, ZHANG X X, et al. Xenogenetic evolutionary of integrons promotes the environmental pollution of antibiotic resistance genes: challenges, progress and prospects[J]. Water Research, 2023, 231: 119629.
DOI URL |
| [3] |
MA L, CHEN Y, ZHENG J P. An efficient, stable and reusable polymer/TiO2 photocatalytic membrane for aqueous pollution treatment[J]. Journal of Materials Science, 2021, 56(19): 11335-11351.
DOI |
| [4] |
ZHANG N, GONG W B, XIONG Y J. Modern organic transformations: heterogeneous thermocatalysis or photocatalysis?[J]. Chemical Society Reviews, 2025, 54(11): 5189-5223.
DOI URL |
| [5] | GUO Q, ZHOU C Y, MA Z B, et al. Fundamentals of TiO2 photocatalysis: concepts, mechanisms, and challenges[J]. Advanced Materials, 2019, 31(50): e1901997. |
| [6] |
DU Y E, NIU X J, HOU K, et al. Microflowery, microspherical, and fan-shaped TiO2 crystals via hierarchical self-assembly of nanorods with exposed specific crystal facets and enhanced photocatalytic performance[J]. Catalysts, 2022, 12(2): 232.
DOI URL |
| [7] |
GARTNER M, SZEKERES A, STROESCU H, et al. Advanced nanostructured coatings based on doped TiO2 for various applications[J]. Molecules, 2023, 28(23): 7828.
DOI URL |
| [8] |
GUO L, DING Y H, XIE H Q, et al. Chromium-containing wastewater effectively removed by TiO2 microsphere of different sizes through a green pathway[J]. Surfaces and Interfaces, 2025, 72: 106967.
DOI URL |
| [9] | 李霞, 姚梦琴, 刘飞. 多形貌TiO2的制备及其光催化降解四环素的性能研究[J]. 人工晶体学报, 2024, 53(12): 2181-2188. |
| LI X, YAO M Q, LIU F. Preparation of multi-morphology TiO2 and its photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline[J]. Journal of Synthetic Crystals, 2024, 53(12): 2181-2188 (in Chinese). | |
| [10] |
WANG J W, ASAKURA Y, HASEGAWA T, et al. High-concentration N-doped La2Ti2O7 nanocrystals: effects of nano-structuration and doping sites on enhancing the photocatalytic activity[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2021, 423: 130220.
DOI URL |
| [11] | ESMAT M, EL-HOSAINY H, TAHAWY R, et al. Nitrogen doping-mediated oxygen vacancies enhancing co-catalyst-free solar photocatalytic H2 production activity in anatase TiO2 nanosheet assembly[J]. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2021, 285: 119755. |
| [12] |
LI S, JIANG C C, ZHANG Y C, et al. Synergistic effect of N doping and oxygen vacancies over TiO2 nanosheets with enhanced photocatalytic removal of tetracycline[J]. Catalysis Today, 2024, 440: 114830.
DOI URL |
| [13] |
DAI L, FU P, CHEN J M, et al. Nitrogen doping mediated oxygen vacancy and Ti valence regulation to enhance photocatalytic H2 generation[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2023, 48(67): 26187-26199.
DOI URL |
| [14] |
NIU X D, LIU S, MEN Y, et al. TiO2 supported Pd nanoclusters with surface defects toward highly efficient hydrogenation of quinone to hydroquinone under mild conditions[J]. Molecular Catalysis, 2022, 529: 112521.
DOI URL |
| [15] |
ZHOU H R, WANG M, KONG F H, et al. Facet-dependent electron transfer regulates photocatalytic valorization of biopolyols[J]. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2022, 144(46): 21224-21231.
DOI PMID |
| [16] |
ZHOU W Q, YU C L, FAN Q Z, et al. Ultrasonic fabrication of N-doped TiO2 nanocrystals with mesoporous structure and enhanced visible light photocatalytic activity[J]. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 2013, 34(6): 1250-1255.
DOI URL |
| [17] | 霍地, 皮春阳, 孙旭东, 等. 纳米镁铝尖晶石粉体的低温燃烧合成与表征[J]. 东北大学学报(自然科学版), 2017, 38(6): 814-818. |
| HUO D, PI C Y, SUN X D, et al. Low temperature combustion synthesis and characterization of nanocrystalline magnesium aluminum spinel (MgAl2O4) powders[J]. Journal of Northeastern University (Natural Science), 2017, 38(6): 814-818 (in Chinese). | |
| [18] |
BARKUL R P, KOLI V B, SHEWALE V B, et al. Visible active nanocrystalline N-doped anatase TiO2 particles for photocatalytic mineralization studies[J]. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 2016, 173: 42-51.
DOI URL |
| [19] |
LUO S Y, LIU Z Z, YIN X R, et al. A sandwich structure Ag/MgFe2O4-deposited surface carbonized wood for integrated solar steam generation and photoreduction of Cr(VI)[J]. Small, 2024, 20(26): 2309087.
DOI URL |
| [20] |
LI D Z, CALEBE V C, LI Y Q, et al. Interstitial N-doped TiO2 for photocatalytic methylene blue degradation under visible light irradiation[J]. Catalysts, 2024, 14(10): 681.
DOI URL |
| [21] |
ASSAYEHEGN E, SOLAIAPPAN A, CHEBUDE Y, et al. Fabrication of tunable anatase/rutile heterojunction N/TiO2 nanophotocatalyst for enhanced visible light degradation activity[J]. Applied Surface Science, 2020, 515: 145966.
DOI URL |
| [22] |
YIN S X, LIU L, LI J L, et al. Mesoporous TiO2 single-crystal particles from controlled crystallization-driven mono-micelle assembly as an efficient photocatalyst[J]. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2024, 146(2): 1701-1709.
DOI URL |
| [23] | VISWANATHAN B, KRISHANMURTHY K R. Nitrogen incorporation in TiO2: does it make a visible light photo-active material?[J]. International Journal of Photoenergy, 2012, 2012(1): 269654. |
| [24] |
ALYAMI M. Ultra-violet-assisted scalable method to fabricate oxygen-vacancy-rich titanium-dioxide semiconductor film for water decontamination under natural sunlight irradiation[J]. Nanomaterials, 2023, 13(4): 703.
DOI URL |
| [25] |
ZHAO Y X, ZHU L J, YU Y M, et al. Facile one-pot preparation of Ti3+, N co-doping TiO2 nanotube arrays and enhanced photodegradation activities by tuning tube lengths and diameters[J]. Catalysis Today, 2020, 355: 563-572.
DOI URL |
| [26] |
LAN K, WANG R C, WEI Q L, et al. Stable Ti3+ defects in oriented mesoporous titania frameworks for efficient photocatalysis[J]. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 2020, 59(40): 17676-17683.
DOI URL |
| [27] |
LI C W, WANG B B, KANG K, et al. An ultra-sensitive electrochemical sensing platform based on a novel ternary heterostructured Ag-TiO2@Zr-TCBPE nanocomposite for ciprofloxacin detection in food[J]. Food Analytical Methods, 2025, 18(10): 2175-2189.
DOI |
| [28] |
TIAN J Q, LI J P, GUO Y D, et al. Oxygen vacancy mediated bismuth-based photocatalysts[J]. Advanced Powder Materials, 2024, 3(4): 100201.
DOI URL |
| [29] | ZHONG S Y, YU D X, MA Y H, et al. Oxygen vacancy-enhanced selectivity in aerobic oxidation of benzene to phenol over TiO2 photocatalysts[J]. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 2025, 64(18): e202502823. |
| [30] | JEONG S, CHUNG K H, LEE H, et al. Enhancement of hydrogen evolution from water photocatalysis using liquid phase plasma on metal oxide-loaded photocatalysts[J]. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 2017, 5(5): 3659-3666. |
| [31] | FENG C L, DUAN J H, LIU G. Crystal lattice spacing shrinkage and band-gap narrowing phenomena in in-doped SnO2 nanoparticles[J]. Materials Research Express, 2015, 2(4): 045008. |
| [32] |
FU T, HUANG G F, LIU K, et al. Multifunctional magnetic bentonite induced hierarchical BiOBr coupling Bi nanoparticles and oxygen vacancies for enhanced photocatalytic performance[J]. Separation and Purification Technology, 2023, 306: 122555.
DOI URL |
| [33] |
HU J D, CHEN C, ZHENG Y, et al. Spatially separating redox centers on Z-scheme ZnIn2S4/BiVO4 hierarchical heterostructure for highly efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution[J]. Small, 2020, 16(37): 2002988.
DOI URL |
| [34] |
BAO T F, TANG C X, LI S M, et al. Hollow structured CdS@ZnIn2S4 Z-scheme heterojunction for bifunctional photocatalytic hydrogen evolution and selective benzylamine oxidation[J]. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2024, 659: 788-798.
DOI URL |
| [35] |
HU C, HUNG W Z, WANG M S, et al. Phosphorus and sulfur codoped g-C3N4 as an efficient metal-free photocatalyst[J]. Carbon, 2018, 127: 374-383.
DOI URL |
| [36] |
SHANG Y R, WANG C L, YAN C S, et al. An efficient and multifunctional S-scheme heterojunction photocatalyst constructed by tungsten oxide and graphitic carbon nitride: design and mechanism study[J]. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2023, 634: 195-208.
DOI URL |
| [37] | PAN Z W, ZHU X, LIU Y X, et al. Enhanced light absorption and photo-generated charge separation efficiency for boosting photocatalytic H2 evolution through TiO2 quantum dots with N-doping and concomitant oxygen vacancy[J]. Small, 2024, 20(36): 2311861. |
| [38] |
ZOHARI-MOAFI M, HABIBI-YANGJEH A, HABIBI M, et al. Binary CeO2- x /Ag4V2O7 photocatalysts: impressive performances in detoxification of organic and inorganic pollutants[J]. Molecular Catalysis, 2024, 556: 113920.
DOI URL |
| [39] |
DU Y B, NIU C G, ZHANG L, et al. Synthesis of Ag/AgCl hollow spheres based on the Cu2O nanospheres as template and their excellent photocatalytic property[J]. Molecular Catalysis, 2017, 436: 100-110.
DOI URL |
| [40] |
YU X, FENG Q G, MA D C, et al. Facile synthesis of α/β-Bi2O3 hetero-phase junction by a solvothermal method for enhanced photocatalytic activities[J]. Molecular Catalysis, 2021, 503: 111431.
DOI URL |
| [41] |
HUANG C Y, YANG L J, GENG N N, et al. Impact of molecular structure on reactive oxygen species generation in D-A heterojunction photocatalysts for efficient dye degradation under weak light[J]. Advanced Energy Materials, 2025, 15(22): 2500220.
DOI URL |
| [1] | 陈友梅, 李镒成, 何婷, 刘应寿, 黎阳, 肖汉宁, 袁谋云, 张伟群. 纳米TiO2对Al2O3陶瓷烧结特性的影响[J]. 硅酸盐通报, 2026, 45(1): 256-263. |
| [2] | 李杰, 李顺凯, 赵欢, 曾秦威. 纳米TiO2改性发泡剂对泡沫混凝土性能的影响[J]. 硅酸盐通报, 2025, 44(8): 2839-2848. |
| [3] | 刘佳鑫, 刘莉, 王爽, 张诗晟, 朱庆霞. 醋酸纤维素/羟基磷灰石复合膜的二氧化钛表面改性研究[J]. 硅酸盐通报, 2025, 44(8): 3079-3087. |
| [4] | 陈俊豪, 陈国东, 曾晓辉, 龙广成, 谢友均. 谐振骨料对混凝土超材料原胞带隙范围的影响研究[J]. 硅酸盐通报, 2025, 44(7): 2474-2486. |
| [5] | 刘桐, 黄世谋, 郝恩强, 曹羽希, 朱聪聪. 厚度减薄调控Bi4NbO8Cl的内建电场以增强光催化活性的研究[J]. 硅酸盐通报, 2025, 44(7): 2701-2709. |
| [6] | 李跃军, 曹铁平, 孙大伟. Bi/TiO2:Sm3+复合纤维的制备及可见光催化降解抗生素洛美沙星[J]. 硅酸盐通报, 2025, 44(5): 1918-1926. |
| [7] | 李娜, 丁希楼, 贾勇, 孟冠华. 造纸污泥焙烧改性-浸出回收二氧化钛的研究[J]. 硅酸盐通报, 2025, 44(12): 4436-4447. |
| [8] | 赵美萱, 韦梦兰, 王艺濛, 滕飞, 欧晓霞. KCl改性石墨相氮化碳光催化降解亚甲基蓝的协同机制研究[J]. 硅酸盐通报, 2025, 44(10): 3880-3890. |
| [9] | 赵燕茹, 李环, 李玉萍, 贾宗明, 石磊. 高温后钢筋与纳米TiO2混凝土粘结性能演化规律研究[J]. 硅酸盐通报, 2025, 44(1): 101-111. |
| [10] | 李嘉胤, 吴锦涛, 黄玲艳, 张金津, 钟辛子, 程科木, 梁铎, 吴洋, 汪庆刚, 刘一军, 萧礼标, 曹丽云, 成智文, 黄剑锋. FeWO4结晶釉的取向生长控制及光催化活性研究[J]. 硅酸盐通报, 2024, 43(6): 2262-2268. |
| [11] | 陈志强, 崔磊, 董晶, 李海霞, 夏炜炜. 钛网上CdS纳米微球的制备及可见光下产氢性能研究[J]. 硅酸盐通报, 2024, 43(2): 727-733. |
| [12] | 于倩茹, 王李鹏, 都扶岭, 梁鑫超, 刘思琪, 王程. 可见光光催化/抗菌功能Ag/CuO/TiO2/天然沸石复合材料的制备及性能[J]. 硅酸盐通报, 2024, 43(12): 4639-4648. |
| [13] | 林淑瑾, 罗盛洋, 熊晓立. 负载S-g-C3N4/MgAl-CLDH光催化砂浆的去污及水化性能研究[J]. 硅酸盐通报, 2024, 43(1): 44-51. |
| [14] | 林元明, 林佳福, 熊晓立, 杨政险. TiO2改性钢渣基透水混凝土的力学和NOx降解性能研究[J]. 硅酸盐通报, 2024, 43(1): 191-199. |
| [15] | 吴宇欣, 吕杰衡, 阮健, 田晨, 刘超, 韩建军. Cu2O纳米微晶玻璃的显微结构及性能研究[J]. 硅酸盐通报, 2023, 42(9): 3350-3358. |
| 阅读次数 | ||||||
|
全文 |
|
|||||
|
摘要 |
|
|||||