冷冻法制备PVA-ECC增强增韧单元的力学性能试验研究

doi:10.16552/j.cnki.issn1001-1625.2025.1078

硅酸盐通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (5): 1513-1526.DOI: 10.16552/j.cnki.issn1001-1625.2025.1078

冷冻法制备PVA-ECC增强增韧单元的力学性能试验研究

任骏¹(), 庹珉泰¹, 毛江鸿²(), 陈昌雨², 曾根生³, 刘翔云⁴, 李钟⁴

^1.云南大学建筑与规划学院，昆明 650504
^2.四川大学建筑与环境学院，成都 610065
^3.南方电网能源发展研究院有限责任公司，广州 510530
^4.中国电力工程顾问集团西南电力设计院有限公司，成都 610065

收稿日期:2025-11-04 修订日期:2026-01-15 出版日期:2026-05-15 发布日期:2026-06-10
通信作者: 毛江鸿，博士，教授。E-mail：jhmao@scu.edu.cn
作者简介:任骏（1986—），男，博士，教授。主要从事水泥基材料方面的研究。E-mail：renjunking@aliyun.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(52378172);国家自然科学基金(U24A20166);国家自然科学基金(52168038);国家自然科学基金(51908526);国家自然科学基金(52408299);四川省自然科学基金(2025ZNSFSC0418);西藏自治区科技计划重点研发项目(XZ202501ZY0035);西藏日喀则市科技项目(RKZ2025ZD-005);云南省科学技术厅项目(202301AT070192)

Experimental Study on Mechanical Performance of PVA-ECC Strengthening and Toughening Units Prepared by Freezing

REN Jun¹(), TUO Mintai¹, MAO Jianghong²(), CHEN Changyu², ZENG Gensheng³, LIU Xiangyun⁴, LI Zhong⁴

^1.School of Architecture and Planning，Yunnan University，Kunming 650504，China
^2.College of Architecture and Environment，Sichuan University，Chengdu 610065，China
^3.Energy Development Research Institute Co.，Ltd.，CSG，Guangzhou 510530，China
^4.Southwest Electric Power Design Institute Co.，Ltd. of China Power Engineering Consulting Group，Chengdu 610065，China

Received:2025-11-04 Revised:2026-01-15 Published:2026-05-15 Online:2026-06-10

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

采用纤维混凝土制备增强增韧单元是提升结构性能的有效方法，本文通过不同冷冻方式制备聚乙烯醇纤维增强工程水泥基复合材料（PVA-ECC）增强增韧单元，研究不同冷冻技术对其材料力学性能的影响。试验采用快冻与慢冻两种冷冻方式及升温解冻处理，开展28 d抗压强度和单轴拉伸试验，结合数字图像相关（DIC）技术、X射线衍射（XRD）和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）多尺度表征。结果表明，快冻后升温解冻可较好维持材料力学性能，抗压强度恢复至对照组的96.6%和98.8%，拉伸性能与对照组基本相当。慢冻引起了显著的力学性能损伤，未升温养护组抗压强度下降38.5%，拉伸峰值应力和极限应变降低42.3%和34.3%。DIC技术、XRD和SEM分析表明，快冻和升温解冻能保持细密均匀的多裂缝开展模式与致密界面结构，而慢冻导致水化受阻、基体疏松及纤维桥接性能退化。本研究表明快冻制备的增强增韧单元在可控成型与性能保持方面具备优势，为后续在混凝土结构关键区域内置增强增韧单元提升力学性能，以及开展与混凝土的界面协同优化等研究，提供了初步材料基础与试验依据。

关键词: 液氮快速冷冻, PVA-ECC, 增强增韧单元, 力学性能, 数字图像相关技术, 拉伸能量

Abstract:

The fabrication of strengthening and toughening units using fiber-reinforced engineered cementitious composites is recognized as an effective approach to enhancing the mechanical performance of structural components. Polyvinyl alcohol engineered cementitious composite exhibits high ductility， pronounced strain-hardening behavior， and excellent crack-control capability， making it particularly suitable for embedding as localized functional reinforcement within normal concrete structures. Despite these advantages， existing techniques face substantial limitations. Achieving stable interface bonding while enabling flexible and directional placement of reinforcement units remains challenging， and further investigation is required to develop embedded directional strengthening methods capable of reinforcing structurally weak regions within concrete elements. Liquid nitrogen quick-freezing offers a potential solution by imparting controllable shape stability to the cementitious matrix. This approach allows strengthening and toughening units to be geometrically parameterized and optimally oriented according to localized stress distributions， enabling precise control over spatial placement， orientation， and scale. By rapidly arresting early hydration， quick-freezing preserves microstructural integrity and prevents the formation of coarse ice crystals that could compromise fiber-matrix interaction. Subsequent controlled thawing resumes hydration and restores mechanical performance. This technique introduces a novel strategy for directional toughening in engineered cementitious composites （ECC）-normal concrete （NC） composite systems and provides a framework for systematic material-level evaluation. To validate the feasibility of this concept， the present study focuses on the material performance of polyvinyl alcohol fiber-reinforced engineered cementitious composite units. Strengthening and toughening units were fabricated using two freezing protocols： slow-freezing and liquid nitrogen quick-freezing， followed by controlled thawing at predetermined temperatures. Mechanical performance was evaluated through 28 d compressive and uniaxial tensile tests， while multi-scale characterization was conducted using digital image correlation （DIC）， X-ray diffraction （XRD）， and scanning electron microscopy （SEM） to investigate strain localization， hydration progression， microstructure， and fiber-matrix interface integrity. Experimental results indicate that quick-freezing combined with subsequent thawing effectively preserves mechanical performance. Compressive strength of quick-frozen units recovered to 96.6% and 98.8% of the standard-cured reference values under two thawing conditions （40 and 60 ℃）， while tensile properties， including first-cracking stress， peak stress， and ultimate strain， were essentially comparable to the reference group. In contrast， slow-freezing induced substantial mechanical degradation： compressive strength decreased by 38.5%， and peak tensile stress and ultimate strain decreased by 42.3% and 34.3%， respectively. Multi-scale analyses revealed that quick-freezing and thawing maintained fine， uniformly distributed multiple-cracking patterns and a dense interfacial structure， whereas slow-freezing resulted in hindered hydration， a more porous matrix， and impaired fiber-bridging performance. These findings demonstrate that liquid nitrogen quick-freezing provides distinct advantages for fabricating strengthening and toughening units with controllable geometry and preserved performance. The results offer a robust experimental foundation for embedding pre-fabricated units in critical regions of concrete structures to enhance mechanical performance and support subsequent optimization of interface synergy with surrounding concrete. This study establishes the material basis and practical evidence necessary to inform further research on ECC-NC composite structural applications and interface engineering.

Key words: liquid nitrogen quick-freezing, PVA-ECC, strengthening and toughening unit, mechanical performance, digital image correlation technology, tensile energy

中图分类号:

TU528

任骏, 庹珉泰, 毛江鸿, 陈昌雨, 曾根生, 刘翔云, 李钟. 冷冻法制备PVA-ECC增强增韧单元的力学性能试验研究[J]. 硅酸盐通报, 2026, 45(5): 1513-1526.

REN Jun, TUO Mintai, MAO Jianghong, CHEN Changyu, ZENG Gensheng, LIU Xiangyun, LI Zhong. Experimental Study on Mechanical Performance of PVA-ECC Strengthening and Toughening Units Prepared by Freezing[J]. BULLETIN OF THE CHINESE CERAMIC SOCIETY, 2026, 45(5): 1513-1526.

图/表 15

表1 水泥和粉煤灰的主要化学成分

Table 1 Main chemical composition of cement and fly ash

Material	Mass fraction/%
Material	SiO₂	Al₂O₃	Fe₂O₃	CaO	MgO	K₂O	SO	Other
Cement	22.68	8.60	4.29	53.37	0.23	0.86	3.86	6.11
Fly ash	41.28	43.85	4.77	4.89	1.20	0.72	0.63	2.66

表2 PVA纤维的基本性能参数

Table 2 Basic performance parameters of PVA fibers

Density/（g·cm^-3）	Length/mm	Diameter/mm	Elastic modulus/GPa	Tensile strength/MPa	Elongation/%
1.29	12	0.02	40	1 830	6.9

表3 ECC的配合比

Table 3 Mix proportion of ECC

Mass ratio				PVA fiber content （volume fraction）/%	Superplasticizer content （mass fraction）/%
Cement	Fly ash	Quartz sand	Water	PVA fiber content （volume fraction）/%	Superplasticizer content （mass fraction）/%
0.55	0.45	0.36	0.29	2	0.1

图1 拉伸试件尺寸和拉伸试验装置

Fig.1 Tensile specimen dimensions and tensile testing apparatus

表4 试验分组

Table 4 Experimental groups

Group	Form-setting regime	Freezing duration/min	Thawing and subsequent curing
N-20	Standard-cured	—	—
S-20	Slow-frozen at -20 ℃	240	Thawed at 20 °C， followed by standard curing
S-40	Slow-frozen at -20 ℃	240	Steam-thawed at 40 °C for 2 h， followed by standard curing
S-60	Slow-frozen at -20 ℃	240	Steam-thawed at 60 °C for 2 h， followed by standard curing
Q-20	Quick freezing at -40 ℃	30	Thawed at 20 °C， followed by standard curing
Q-40	Quick freezing at -40 ℃	30	Steam-thawed at 40 °C for 2 h， followed by standard curing
Q-60	Quick freezing at -40 ℃	30	Steam-thawed at 60 °C for 2 h， followed by standard curing

图2 各组试件的28 d抗压强度

Fig.2 28 d compressive strength of each group

图3 受压情况下各组试件峰值荷载的体积应变场

Fig.3 Volumetric strain fields at peak compressive load of each group

图4 各组试件拉伸应力-应变曲线

Fig.4 Tensile stress versus strain curves of each group

表5 单轴拉伸试验结果

Table 5 Uniaxial tensile test results

Group	First-cracking stress/MPa	First-cracking strain/%	Peak stress/MPa	Peak strain/%
N-20	4.12	0.42	6.79	3.67
S-20	2.13	0.18	3.92	2.41
S-40	2.77	0.25	4.95	2.82
S-60	2.89	0.28	5.26	3.12
Q-20	3.51	0.33	5.90	3.34
Q-40	3.98	0.38	6.61	3.61
Q-60	4.16	0.46	6.78	3.70

图5 各组试件能量随应变的变化

Fig.5 Energy evolution versus strain of each group

图6 各组试件拉伸能量比较

Fig.6 Comparison of tensile energy of each group

图7 各组试件拉伸弹性耗能比随应变的变化

Fig.7 Evolution of Rt versus strain of each group

图8 各组试件28 d的XRD谱

Fig.8 XRD patterns of each group at 28 d

图9 各组试件28 d水化相关物相的相对含量

Fig.9 Relative content of hydration related phases of each group at 28 d

图10 各组试件28 d的SEM照片

Fig.10 SEM images of each group at 28 d

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冷冻法制备PVA-ECC增强增韧单元的力学性能试验研究

Experimental Study on Mechanical Performance of PVA-ECC Strengthening and Toughening Units Prepared by Freezing

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