EPS的多元改性策略及其在轻质水泥砂浆中的应用

doi:10.16552/j.cnki.issn1001-1625.2025.1015

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为满足轻质建筑材料的发展需求，本文针对膨胀聚苯乙烯（EPS）颗粒亲水性差的问题，开展了一系列亲水化改性研究，并深入探讨了改性EPS颗粒对砂浆性能的影响。分别采用聚醋酸乙烯乳液（PVAc）、水玻璃（SS）、羟丙基甲基纤维素醚（HPMC）和膨润土（BT），对未发泡聚苯乙烯（PS）原粒进行单一或复合表面改性，PS原粒膨胀发泡后用于制备密度等级为1 100 和1 400 kg/m³（D11和D14）的EPS轻质砂浆，并测试了其流动性、抗压强度、吸水率、干燥收缩、导热系数、吸声/隔声性能及微观界面形貌。结果表明，对PS原粒进行改性可显著提高EPS颗粒表面的亲水性，有效改善发泡颗粒与水泥基体间的界面黏结性能，从而全面提高砂浆性能。D11和D14组砂浆的抗压强度最高分别可达10.3 MPa（增幅87.3%）和21.8 MPa（增幅61.5%），砂浆的吸水率与干燥收缩降低，最大干燥收缩降幅达44.0%（D14）~53.9%（D11）。此外，砂浆导热系数保持在0.070~0.122 W/（m·K）的低水平，具备实现自保温与结构一体化的应用潜力。

关键词: 膨胀聚苯乙烯, 亲水化改性, 轻质保温, 性能优化

Abstract:

To meet the development needs of lightweight building materials， this study addressed the issue of poor hydrophilicity of expanded polystyrene （EPS） particles by conducting a series of hydrophilic modification experiments and systematically investigated the influences of modified EPS particles on mortar properties. Single or composite surface modifications were applied to unexpanded polystyrene （PS） raw particles using polyvinyl acetate emulsion （PVAc）， sodium silicate （SS）， hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ether （HPMC）， and bentonite （BT）. After the expansion and foaming of PS raw particles，EPS lightweight mortars with density grades of 1 100 and 1 400 kg/m³ （D11 and D14） were prepared， their fluidity， compressive strength， water absorption， drying shrinkage， thermal conductivity，sound absorption and insulation properties， as well as microscopic interfacial morphology， were examined. The results show that that surface modification of PS raw particles significantly enhances the surface hydrophilicity of EPS particles， effectively improves the interfacial bonding between the foamed particles and the cement matrix， and thereby comprehensively enhances mortar performance. The maximum compressive strength reaches 10.3 MPa （an increase of 87.3% increase） for the D11 and 21.8 MPa （an increase of 61.5% ） for D14. The water absorption and drying shrinkage of mortar decrease， with maximum drying shrinkage reductions of 44.0% （D14） to 53.9% （D11）.Furthermore， the thermal conductivity of the mortar remains at a low level of 0.070~0.122 W/（m·K）， demonstrating potential for integrated self-insulation and structural applications.

Key words: expanded polystyrene, hydrophilic modification, lightweight insulation, performance optimization

中图分类号:

TU528

庞超明, 廖宝宏, 王少华. EPS的多元改性策略及其在轻质水泥砂浆中的应用[J]. 硅酸盐通报, 2026, 45(5): 1501-1512.

PANG Chaoming, LIAO Baohong, WANG Shaohua. Multivariate Modification Strategy of EPS and Its Application in Lightweight Cement Mortar[J]. BULLETIN OF THE CHINESE CERAMIC SOCIETY, 2026, 45(5): 1501-1512.

图/表 13

参考文献 38

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Material	Mass fraction/%
Material	CaO	SiO₂	Al₂O₃	Fe₂O₃	SO₃	MgO	K₂O	Na₂O	P₂O₅	TiO₂	Other	Loss
PC	62.51	16.90	4.50	3.07	3.59	0.72	0.59	0.24	0.09	0.21	0.08	0.45
FA	8.40	33.30	26.43	7.87	1.57	1.88	0.67	0.32	0.63	1.05	0.18	2.50

Material	Mass fraction/%
Material	CaO	SiO₂	Al₂O₃	Fe₂O₃	SO₃	MgO	K₂O	Na₂O	P₂O₅	TiO₂	Other	Loss
PC	62.51	16.90	4.50	3.07	3.59	0.72	0.59	0.24	0.09	0.21	0.08	0.45
FA	8.40	33.30	26.43	7.87	1.57	1.88	0.67	0.32	0.63	1.05	0.18	2.50

Group	Fluidity/mm		Density/（kg·m^-3）
Group	D11	D14	D11	D14
REF	161	190	1 151	1 384
PVAc	165	200	1 164	1 444
HPMC	172	195	1 157	1 379
SS	169	192	1 149	1 456
BT	184	197	1 153	1 415
PV-HP	182	201	1 170	1 455
PV-SS	185	199	1 129	1 422
PV-BT	176	197	1 138	1 458

Group	Fluidity/mm		Density/（kg·m^-3）
Group	D11	D14	D11	D14
REF	161	190	1 151	1 384
PVAc	165	200	1 164	1 444
HPMC	172	195	1 157	1 379
SS	169	192	1 149	1 456
BT	184	197	1 153	1 415
PV-HP	182	201	1 170	1 455
PV-SS	185	199	1 129	1 422
PV-BT	176	197	1 138	1 458

Group	Thermal conductivity/（W·m^-1·K^-1）
Group	D11	D14
REF	0.087	0.122
PVAc	0.071	0.115
HPMC	0.070	0.111
SS	0.082	0.112
BT	0.086	0.120
PV-HP	0.080	0.115
PV-SS	0.077	0.115
PV-BT	0.074	0.113