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硅酸盐通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (7): 2448-2465.DOI: 10.16552/j.cnki.issn1001-1625.2026.0067

• 资源综合利用 • 上一篇    下一篇

多源固废基胶凝充填体的配比优化与微观机理研究

王言珩(), 张家伟, 任凯, 严国超(), 孔少奇, 李岗, 李博宇, 吴旷旷   

  1. 太原理工大学矿业工程学院,太原 030024
  • 收稿日期:2026-01-19 修订日期:2026-02-28 出版日期:2026-07-15 发布日期:2026-08-13
  • 通信作者: 严国超,博士,教授。E-mail:yanguochao@tyut.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:王言珩(2001—),男,硕士研究生。主要从事固废处置利用方面的研究。E-mail:badmath@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    山西省基础研究计划(202203021222099);山西省高等学校科技创新计划(2022L055);山西省重点研发计划(202402080301013);山西省重点研发计划(202402080301016)

Optimization of Mix Proportion and Micro-Mechanism Study of Multi-Source Solid Waste-Based Cementitious Backfill

WANG Yanheng(), ZHANG Jiawei, REN Kai, YAN Guochao(), KONG Shaoqi, LI Gang, LI Boyu, WU Kuangkuang   

  1. College of Mining Engineering,Taiyuan University of Technology,Taiyuan 030024,China
  • Received:2026-01-19 Revised:2026-02-28 Published:2026-07-15 Online:2026-08-13

摘要:

针对现有研究对多源固废基胶凝充填体的组分协同与配比优化认识不足,以及复杂体系中各组分的水化机理、强度发展及微观结构演化尚不清晰的问题,本研究以煤矸石为骨料,粉煤灰和钢渣为主要胶凝组分,电石渣与脱硫石膏为复合激发剂并辅以少量水泥(掺量与煤矸石质量相等),制备了一种用于矿井充填的多源固废基胶凝充填体。通过正交试验与微观测试手段,研究了该材料的力学性能与胶结作用机理。结果表明,多源固废基胶凝充填体的抗压强度随养护龄期显著提高,3、7、28 d平均抗压强度分别为2.058、3.604、7.211 MPa,最优配比(煤矸石骨料、水泥、粉煤灰、钢渣、电石渣、脱硫石膏和水的质量比为1∶1∶1.9∶0.9∶0.3∶0.15∶1.615)时28 d抗压强度达12.96 MPa。影响因素分析表明,早期强度主要受水胶比控制,中期强度受水胶比与电石渣掺量共同影响,后期强度的关键影响因素为粉煤灰掺量。微观分析揭示,水化过程早期以钙矾石(AFt)为主,中期水化硅酸钙(C-S-H)与水化硅铝酸钙(C-A-S-H)凝胶大量生成,后期水化硅(铝)酸钙(C-(A)-S-H)凝胶成为主要胶结相,结构致密化是强度发展的微观基础。本研究为多源固废资源化利用与绿色矿山充填胶凝材料开发提供了实验依据与技术参考。

关键词: 多源固废, 胶凝充填材料, 抗压强度, 正交试验, 微观结构, 水化机理

Abstract:

Addressing the existing research gap in understanding the synergistic effects and optimal mix design of multi-source solid waste-based cementitious backfill(MSSWCB), as well as the unclear hydration mechanisms, strength development, and microstructural evolution of individual components within complex systems, this study utilized coal gangue as aggregate, fly ash and steel slag as primary cementitious components, carbide residue and desulfurization gypsum as composite activators, supplemented with a small amount of cement (adding an amount equal to the mass of coal gangue), to prepare a MSSWCB for mine backfilling. Through orthogonal experiments and microscopic testing methods, the mechanical properties and bonding mechanism of this material were investigated. Results indicate that the compressive strength of MSSWCB increases significantly with curing age, with average compressive strength at 3, 7, and 28 d being 2.058, 3.604, and 7.211 MPa, respectively. The optimal mix ratio (the mass ratio of coal gangue aggregate, cement, fly ash, steel slag, calcium carbide slag, desulfurization gypsum, water is 1∶1∶1.9∶0.9∶0.3∶0.15∶1.615) achieves a 28 d compressive strength of 12.96 MPa. Analysis of influencing factors indicates that early strength is primarily controlled by the water-binder ratio, while mid-term strength is jointly affected by both the water-binder ratio and the amount of calcium carbide slag added. The key factor affecting later-stage strength is the fly ash content. Through microscopic analysis, the hydration products of MSSWCB at different curing stages are revealed: early-stage products are dominated by ettringite (AFt), mid-stage saw significant generates calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) and calcium aluminum silicate hydrate (C-A-S-H) gels, and late-stage C-(A)-S-H gel becomes the primary cementing phase. Structural densification forms the microscopic basis for strength development. This study provides experiment support and technical guidance for the resource utilization of multi-source solid waste and the development of green mine backfill cementitious materials.

Key words: multi-source solid waste, cementitious backfill material, compressive strength, orthogonal test, microstructure, hydration mechanism

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