高海拔山区隧道喷射混凝土配合比优化设计及性能研究

doi:10.16552/j.cnki.issn1001-1625.2025.1281

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为制备适用于高海拔山区隧道用喷射混凝土，本文采用正交试验研究了早强掺合料掺量、水胶比、速凝剂掺量和砂率对喷射混凝土坍落度、8 h和28 d抗压强度的影响。结果表明，早强掺合料掺量和水胶比对喷射混凝土的流动性能和抗压强度影响显著，砂率对喷射混凝土的流动性能、早期及后期抗压强度均有影响，但影响相对较小，速凝剂掺量对喷射混凝土早期及后期抗压强度影响较小。其次，通过极差分析和灰靶决策理论得到较优的喷射混凝土配合比：早强掺合料掺量为26%（质量分数），水胶比为0.30，速凝剂掺量为7%（质量分数），砂率为50%。最后，通过XRD、TG和SEM微观测试分析了速凝剂和早强掺合料对喷射混凝土性能的影响机制，二者具有协同作用，可大幅提升水泥浆体早期强度。研究成果为高海拔艰险山区隧道喷射混凝土的优化设计与制备提供了技术支撑。

关键词: 喷射混凝土, 配合比优化, 微观机理, 正交试验, 灰靶决策理论, 极差分析

Abstract:

To prepare shotcrete suitable for high-altitude mountainous regions， this study employed orthogonal experimental design to investigate the effects of early-strength admixture dosage， water-binder ratio， accelerator dosage， and sand ratio on the slump， 8 h compressive strength， and 28 d compressive strength of shotcrete. The results show that the early-strength admixture dosage and water-binder ratio significantly affect the shotcrete’s flowability and compressive strength. The sand ratio influences flowability as well as early and late compressive strength， though to a lesser extent. The accelerator dosage has a minor effect on both early and late compressive strength. Secondly， through range analysis and grey target decision theory， an optimal mix proportion design for shotcrete is obtained： early-strength admixture dosage of 26% （mass fraction）， water-binder ratio of 0.30， accelerator dosage of 7% （mass fraction）， and sand ratio of 50%. Finally， XRD， TG， and SEM microstructural analyses elucidate the mechanisms by which the accelerator and early-strength admixture influence shotcrete performance， the two exhibit a synergistic effect， significantly enhancing the early strength of the cement paste. These findings provide technical support for the optimized design and preparation of shotcrete for tunnels in high-altitude and rugged mountainous regions.

Key words: shotcrete, mix proportion optimization, microscopic mechanism, orthogonal experiment, grey target decision theory, range analysis

中图分类号:

TU528

李悦, 周光辉, 杨斌, 晋凯凯, 蒋泽洲, 邱梓恒, 邵伟伟. 高海拔山区隧道喷射混凝土配合比优化设计及性能研究[J]. 硅酸盐通报, 2026, 45(6): 1924-1936.

LI Yue, ZHOU Guanghui, YANG Bin, JIN Kaikai, JIANG Zezhou, QIU Ziheng, SHAO Weiwei. Optimization Design and Performance Study of Shotcrete Mix Proportion for Tunnels in High-Altitude Mountainous Regions[J]. BULLETIN OF THE CHINESE CERAMIC SOCIETY, 2026, 45(6): 1924-1936.

图/表 20

参考文献 23

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Material	Mass fraction/%
Material	CaO	SiO₂	Al₂O₃	Fe₂O₃	SO₃	TiO₂	MgO	K₂O	Other
OPC	63.22	18.57	5.57	4.35	3.32	2.17	1.58	0.58	0.64
ESA	55.39	30.49	3.10	1.71	4.09	0.57	2.83	0.61	1.21

Material	Mass fraction/%
Material	CaO	SiO₂	Al₂O₃	Fe₂O₃	SO₃	TiO₂	MgO	K₂O	Other
OPC	63.22	18.57	5.57	4.35	3.32	2.17	1.58	0.58	0.64
ESA	55.39	30.49	3.10	1.71	4.09	0.57	2.83	0.61	1.21

Material	Mass fraction/%
Material	C₃S	C₂S	CaCO₃	C₄AF	AFt	C₃A	Amorphous
OPC	57.17	13.72	6.80	10.18	0	6.83	5.30
ESA	50.06	14.09	13.58	6.23	1.54	1.48	13.02

Material	Mass fraction/%
Material	C₃S	C₂S	CaCO₃	C₄AF	AFt	C₃A	Amorphous
OPC	57.17	13.72	6.80	10.18	0	6.83	5.30
ESA	50.06	14.09	13.58	6.23	1.54	1.48	13.02

Setting time/min		Compressive strength/MPa		Flexural strength/MPa
Initial setting	Final setting	3 d	28 d	3 d	28 d
189	246	26.6	48.3	5.2	7.3