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硅酸盐通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (5): 1693-1708.DOI: 10.16552/j.cnki.issn1001-1625.2025.1026

• 资源综合利用 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于地聚合反应和纳米材料复配优化的赤泥固化研究

田淑梅1(), 罗皓文2, 汪洪星2(), 阮俊浩2, 赵田甜3, 张笑一2, 巫尚蔚2   

  1. 1.湖北三峡职业技术学院建筑工程学院,宜昌 443000
    2.重庆科技大学安全科学与工程学院,重庆 401331
    3.荆门市自然资源和城乡建设局掇刀分局,荆门 448124
  • 收稿日期:2025-10-22 修订日期:2025-12-23 出版日期:2026-05-15 发布日期:2026-06-10
  • 通信作者: 汪洪星,博士,副教授。E-mail:2021078@cqust.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:田淑梅(1987—),女,讲师。主要从事固体废弃物资源化利用等方面的研究。E-mail:442639066@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    重庆市教委科学技术研究项目(KJQN202301530);国家自然科学基金青年科学基金(52304125);山区道路工程与防灾减灾技术国家地方联合工程实验室开放基金(SQDL-2023-02)

Solidification of Red Mud Based on Geopolymerization and Nanomaterial Composite Optimization

TIAN Shumei1(), LUO Haowen2, WANG Hongxing2(), RUAN Junhao2, ZHAO Tiantian3, ZHANG Xiaoyi2, WU Shangwei2   

  1. 1.School of Civil Engineering and Architecture,Hubei Three Gorges Polytechnic,Yichang 443000,China
    2.School of Safety Science and Engineering,Chongqing University of Science and Technology,Chongqing 401331,China
    3.Duodao Branch of Natural Resources and Urban-Rural Construction Bureau of Jingmen City,Jingmen 448124,China
  • Received:2025-10-22 Revised:2025-12-23 Published:2026-05-15 Online:2026-06-10

摘要:

赤泥的资源化利用长期受限于高pH值特性。本文反向利用赤泥的强碱性化学环境,借助粉煤灰、矿渣等固废的地聚合反应潜力和纳米材料的填充分散功能,提出了一种基于固废协同固化和纳米材料复配优化的赤泥固化技术;设计了针对固废协同固化及纳米材料复配优化的正交力学试验,结合方差分析和极差分析,确定了赤泥固化最优配比方案;对典型配比试样进行扫描电子显微镜分析和X射线衍射分析,辅以微观孔隙结构分析,揭示了赤泥固化机理。结果表明,赤泥固化的最优配比为m(偏高岭土)∶m(粉煤灰)∶m(矿渣)∶m(氯化钙)∶m(硅酸钠)∶m(纳米二氧化硅)∶m(纳米氧化铝)∶m(碳纳米管)=20.00%∶25.81%∶12.90%∶7.74%∶7.74%∶23.46%∶1.16%∶1.16%。所有试样均检测到了地聚合反应和水化水解反应的产物。通过纳米材料的硅铝比调控,可提高硅铝物质的溶出度和化学反应充分度,对大于1.0 μm的狭长孔隙进行更好填充,优化固化赤泥的微观结构,从而提供强度保障。该技术实现了赤泥80%(质量分数)的高掺量固化,为大宗固废资源化利用提供了新思路。

关键词: 赤泥, 固废协同固化, 地聚合反应, 纳米结构优化, 正交试验, 硅铝比调控

Abstract:

The resource utilization of red mud has long been limited by its high pH value characteristic. A red mud solidification technology based on synergistic reactions of solid wastes and optimized compounding of nanomaterials was proposed by the reverse utilization of the strongly alkaline environment of red mud, the geopolymerization potential of solid wastes such as fly ash and mineral waste residue, and the filling-dispersion function of nanomaterials. Orthogonal mechanical experiments were designed to obtain the optimized mix proportions for the red mud solidification, aided by the variance and range analyses. Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analyses were conducted on typical ratio samples to reveal the solidification mechanism of red mud, aided by micro-pore structure analysis. The results indicate that the optimal mass ratio for red mud solidification is m(metakaolin)∶m(fly ash)∶m(mineral waste residue)∶m(calcium chloride)∶m(sodium silicate)∶m(nano-SiO2)∶m(nano-Al2O3)∶m(carbon nanotube)=20.00%∶25.81%∶12.90%∶7.74%∶7.74%∶23.46%∶1.16%∶1.16%. The products of geopolymerization and hydration-hydrolysis reactions are both detected in all the samples. Dissolution rate and degree of chemical reaction completion of silicon-aluminum substances are improved, and the elongated pores larger than 1.0 μm are better filled, through the silicon-aluminum ratio regulation by the nanomaterial adjustments, to optimize the microstructure of the solidified red mud and provide strength assurance for it. This technology achieves a high red mud incorporation rate of 80% (mass fraction), providing a new strategy for the resource utilization of bulk solid wastes.

Key words: red mud, solid waste co-solidification, geopolymerization, nanostructure optimization, orthogonal test, silicon-aluminum ratio regulation

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