机械活化与热活化对镍铁渣活性的提升机制研究

doi:10.16552/j.cnki.issn1001-1625.2025.1179

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为实现镍铁渣的高效资源化利用，本文系统研究了机械活化与热活化对其火山灰活性的影响机制。通过激光粒度分析、X射线衍射（XRD）、比强度法及电化学交流阻抗谱等表征方法，综合表征了不同活化条件下镍铁渣的颗粒特性、晶体结构、力学性能及电化学行为。结果表明：机械活化60 min可显著细化颗粒并诱导晶格非晶化，使镍铁渣28 d活性指数提升至0.88；500 ℃热活化能有效破坏稳定晶相并促进活性组分溶出，镍铁渣28 d活性指数达0.93。电化学分析进一步表明，上述优化条件显著提高了体系的电荷转移电阻，促进了致密微观结构的形成。本研究明确了机械活化与热活化提升镍铁渣活性的最优路径，为其在胶凝材料中的高效利用提供了依据。

关键词: 镍铁渣, 机械活化, 热活化, 活性指数, 电化学交流阻抗谱

Abstract:

To achieve efficient resource utilization of ferronickel slag， this study systematically investigated the influence of mechanical and thermal activation on its pozzolanic activity. The particle characteristics， crystal structure， mechanical properties， and electrochemical behavior of ferronickel slag under different activation conditions were comprehensively characterized by laser particle size analysis， X-ray diffraction （XRD）， specific strength method， and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy characterization method. The results indicate that mechanical activation for 60 min can significantly refine the particle size and induce the lattice amorphization， so that the 28 d activity index of ferronickel slag is increased to 0.88. Thermal activation at 500 ℃ effectively destabilizes the crystalline phases and enhances the dissolution of active components， so that the 28 d activity index of ferronickel slag is 0.93. Electrochemical analysis further reveals that these optimized conditions significantly increase the charge transfer resistance of the system and encourage the development of a denser microstructure. This study clarifies the optimal pathways for enhancing the activity of ferronickel slag through mechanical and thermal activation， providing a foundation for its effective application in cementitious materials.

Key words: ferronickel slag, mechanical activation, thermal activation, activity index, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

中图分类号:

TQ172.4⁺4

吕鹏, 陆波涌, 钱伦, 黄身烨, 宋佳欣, 谢隆杰, 黄伟. 机械活化与热活化对镍铁渣活性的提升机制研究[J]. 硅酸盐通报, 2026, 45(7): 2357-2367.

LYU Peng, LU Boyong, QIAN Lun, HUANG Shenye, SONG Jiaxin, XIE Longjie, HUANG Wei. Mechanism of Mechanical and Thermal Activation to Improve Activity of Ferronickel Slag[J]. BULLETIN OF THE CHINESE CERAMIC SOCIETY, 2026, 45(7): 2357-2367.

图/表 15

表1 镍铁渣的主要化学成分

Table 1 Main chemical composition of ferronickel slag

Composition	SiO₂	Al₂O₃	Fe₂O₃	CaO	MgO	Na₂O	K₂O	SO₃	TiO₂	MnO	Cr₂O₃	Ni₂O₃
Mass fraction/%	27.51	21.59	0.95	29.97	13.75	0.56	0.22	2.27	0.66	1.52	0.78	0.22

表2 石英砂的基本性能指标

Table 2 Basic property index of quartz sand

Type	Size/μm	Fineness/μm	Density/（g∙cm^-3）	SiO₂ mass fraction/%	Fe₂O₃mass fraction/%
Quartz powder	37	37	—	—	—

表3 不同机械活化时间和热活化温度处理的镍铁渣砂浆配合比

Table 3 Mix proportion of ferronickel slag mortar with different mechanical activation time and thermal activation temperatures

Sample No.	Cementitious material			Quartz sand mass/g	Water mass/g	Mechanical activation time/min	Thermal activation temperature/℃
Sample No.	Ferronickel slag mass/g	Slag mass/g	Cement mass/g	Quartz sand mass/g	Water mass/g	Mechanical activation time/min	Thermal activation temperature/℃
S1-30%	0	127.2	296.8	954	169.6	0	—
C1-0%	0	0	424.0	954	169.6	0	—
M0-30%	127.2	0	296.8	954	169.6	0	—
M1-30%	127.2	0	296.8	954	169.6	40	—
M2-30%	127.2	0	296.8	954	169.6	50	—
M3-30%	127.2	0	296.8	954	169.6	60	—
M4-30%	127.2	0	296.8	954	169.6	70	—
T0-30%	127.2	0	296.8	954	169.6	—	0
T1-30%	127.2	0	296.8	954	169.6	—	400
T2-30%	127.2	0	296.8	954	169.6	—	500
T3-30%	127.2	0	296.8	954	169.6	—	600
T4-30%	127.2	0	296.8	954	169.6	—	700

图1 EIS等效电路图

Fig.1 Equivalent circuit diagram for EIS

图2 电化学阻抗谱Nyquist谱

Fig.2 Nyquist spectrum of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

图3 机械活化时间对镍铁渣粒度的影响

Fig.3 Effect of mechanical activation time on particle size of ferronickel slag

图4 热活化温度对镍铁渣粒度的影响

Fig.4 Effect of thermal activation temperature on particle size of ferronickel slag

图5 不同活化处理下镍铁渣的XRD谱

Fig.5 XRD patterns of ferronickel slag under different activation treatments

图6 不同活化处理下镍铁渣砂浆的抗压强度

Fig.6 Compressive strength of ferronickel slag mortar under different activation treatments

表4 不同机械活化时间下镍铁渣的活性指数

Table 4 Activity index of ferronickel slag under different mechanical activation time

Curing age/d	Activity index
Curing age/d	M0-30%	M1-30%	M2-30%	M3-30%	M4-30%
3	0.62	0.67	0.70	0.75	0.66
7	0.64	0.71	0.75	0.80	0.70
28	0.72	0.79	0.81	0.88	0.77

表5 不同热活化温度下镍铁渣的活性指数

Table 5 Activity index of ferronickel slag under different thermal activation temperatures

Curing age/d	Activity index
Curing age/d	T0-30%	T1-30%	T2-30%	T3-30%	T4-30%
3	0.61	0.84	0.88	0.84	0.77
7	0.63	0.86	0.92	0.85	0.81
28	0.73	0.81	0.93	0.83	0.80

图7 不同机械活化时间下镍铁渣砂浆的Nyquist谱

Fig.7 Nyquist spectra of ferronickel slag mortar under different mechanical activation time

表6 不同机械活化时间下镍铁渣砂浆的电阻

Table 6 Resistance of ferronickel slag mortar under different mechanical activation time

Curing age/d	Resistance/（Ω·cm^-2）
Curing age/d	S1-30%	C1-0%	M0-30%	M1-30%	M2-30%	M3-30%	M4-30%
1	4.90	5.49	2.46	2.86	3.10	3.50	2.78
3	11.26	12.62	5.66	6.57	7.12	8.04	6.39
7	18.16	18.67	8.78	10.70	11.80	13.17	10.43
14	22.17	26.86	15.11	18.04	18.88	21.82	17.20
28	24.36	29.51	16.60	19.82	20.74	23.97	18.90

图8 不同热活化温度下镍铁渣砂浆的Nyquist谱

Fig.8 Nyquist spectra of ferronickel slag mortar under different thermal activation temperatures

表7 不同热活化温度下镍铁渣砂浆电阻

Table 7 Resistance of ferronickel slag mortar under different thermal activation temperatures

Curing age/d	Resistance/（Ω·cm^-2）
Curing age/d	S1-30%	C1-0%	T0-30%	T1-30%	T2-30%	T3-30%	T4-30%
1	4.94	5.53	2.42	4.25	4.57	4.03	3.69
3	11.36	12.72	5.58	9.78	10.51	9.18	8.50
7	18.30	18.81	8.65	14.96	16.60	14.68	13.59
14	21.96	26.65	15.32	18.67	20.70	19.51	18.25
28	24.13	29.28	16.83	20.51	23.04	21.44	20.05

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