低浓度CO2条件40 ℃环境对水泥胶砂早期碳化与水化反应进程影响研究

doi:10.16552/j.cnki.issn1001-1625.2025.1148

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为响应建筑材料低碳发展战略，探索低浓度CO₂条件下水泥基材料早期性能的优化路径，本研究在3%（体积分数）CO₂浓度、40 ℃的环境中，设置2、6、12 h三个早期碳化时间节点，研究了碳化-水化协同作用对水泥胶砂力学性能及微观结构演化的影响。结果表明，碳化6 h时水泥基材料的综合性能最优，28 d抗压强度提升至58.6 MPa，较纯水化样品提高15.1%。此时，体系中CaCO₃生成量及结晶度均达到较高水平，方解石占比显著增加。压汞分析结果显示，碳化6 h能有效改善试件表层孔隙结构，使孔隙率降低至21.8%，从而提高材料的致密性与稳定性。而随着碳化时间延长，试件表层孔隙结构劣化，强度下降，出现过度碳化现象。

关键词: 水泥基材料, 低浓度CO₂, 早期碳化, 温度调控, 微观结构演化

Abstract:

In response to the low-carbon development strategy for building materials， this study explores the optimization path for early-age performance of cement-based materials under low-concentration CO₂conditions. Cement mortars were subjected to CO₂ curing at 3% （volume fraction） concentration and 40 ℃ for 2， 6， and 12 h to investigate the effects of the carbonation-hydration synergy on mechanical properties， microstructure evolution. The results show that the comprehensive performance of cement-based materials is optimal after 6 h of carbonation， with a 28 d compressive strength of 58.6 MPa—approximately 15.1% higher than that of the purely hydrated sample. At this stage， the amount and crystallinity of CaCO₃ reach their maximum， and the proportion of calcite increases significantly. Mercury intrusion porosimetry results reveal that 6 h carbonation effectively refines the pore structure of the specimen surface layer， reducing porosity to 21.8% and enhancing compactness and stability of the material. However， extending the carbonation time causes deterioration of the surface pore structure， leading to reduce strength due to over-carbonation.

Key words: cement-based material, low-concentration CO₂, early-age carbonation, temperature regulation, microstructural evolution

中图分类号:

TU528.45

胡庆浩, 李绍纯, 陈旭, 张书畅. 低浓度CO₂条件40 ℃环境对水泥胶砂早期碳化与水化反应进程影响研究[J]. 硅酸盐通报, 2026, 45(6): 1892-1902.

HU Qinghao, LI Shaochun, CHEN Xu, ZHANG Shuchang. Influence of Low-Concentration CO₂ Environment at 40 ℃ on Early Carbonation and Hydration Reaction Process of Cement Mortar[J]. BULLETIN OF THE CHINESE CERAMIC SOCIETY, 2026, 45(6): 1892-1902.

图/表 17

表1 水泥化学组成

Table 1 Chemical composition of cement

Chemical composition	SiO₂	Al₂O₃	Fe₂O₃	CaO	MgO	SO₃	Na₂O eq	f-CaO	Loss
Mass fraction/%	20.5	4.9	3.0	63.2	3.5	2.5	0.6	0.7	1.6

表2 水泥的物理性能

Table 2 Physical properties of cement

Physical

property

Fineness0.08/%

Specific surface area/（m²·kg^-1）

Density/

（g·cm^-3）

Standard consistency/%

Stability boiling method

Setting time/min

Compressive strength/MPa

表3 水泥胶砂和水泥净浆的配合比

Table 3 Mix ratio of cement mortar and cement paste

Material	Water-cement ratio	Mix ratio/（kg·m^-3）
Material	Water-cement ratio	Cement	Standard sand	Water
Cement mortar	0.4	450	1 350	180
Cement paste	0.4	450	—	180

表4 本文中出现的符号及含义

Table 4 Symbols and their meanings appearing in this article

Symbol	Meaning
S2	Hydration at 40 ℃ for 2 h
S2-28	After hydration at 40 ℃ for 2 h， it is then cured under standard curing conditions for 28 d
T2	3% CO₂， carbonation at 40 ℃ for 2 h
T2-28	After carbonation for 2 h in an environment with 3% CO₂ and 40 ℃， it is then cured under standard curing conditions until 28 d

图1 40 ℃恒温环境中水泥胶砂的失水率曲线

Fig.1 Water loss rate curve of cement mortar in a 40 ℃ constant temperature environment

图2 40 ℃环境下水泥胶砂表面CaCO3含量的分布

Fig.2 Distribution of CaCO3 content on surface of cement mortar at 40 ℃

图3 不同碳化时间试样表面2 mm试样的热重曲线

Fig.3 TG-DTG curves of surface 2 mm samples from specimens subjected to different carbonation time

图4 不同碳化时间下样品表面2 mm处的C-S-H凝胶质量损失

Fig.4 Mass loss of 2 mm C-S-H gel on sample surface under different carbonation time

图5 不同碳化时间下样品表面2 mm处的CH质量损失

Fig.5 Mass loss of 2 mm CH on sample surface under different carbonation time

图6 不同碳化时间下样品表面2 mm处的CaCO3质量损失

Fig.6 Mass loss of CaCO3 of 2 mm sample on surface of sample under different carbonation time

图7 不同碳化时间下样品表面2 mm样品的XRD谱

Fig.7 XRD patterns of 2 mm samples on surface at different carbonation time

图8 各试验组在40 ℃时的XRD定量结果

Fig.8 XRD quantitative results of each experimental group at 40 ℃

表5 XRD定量分析得出的C3S、C2S、CH和CaCO3相的含量

Table 5 XRD quantitatively determined content of C3S， C2S， CH and CaCO3 phases

Sample	Relative content （per 100 g dry sample）/g
Sample	C₃S	C₂S	CH	CaCO₃	Amorphous
S2	26.4	13.7	8.5	6.9	27.2
S6	26.4	12.9	8.8	7.2	28.1
S12	22.0	14.8	9.6	9.0	25.7
T2	14.6	10.4	4.7	17.9	46.7
T6	14.4	9.4	5.0	25.0	44.1
T12	13.0	6.4	4.1	28.6	40.3
T2-28	8.5	9.8	6.2	28.8	46.1
T6-28	7.7	8.8	4.6	45.0	38.9
T12-28	7.5	6.6	4.9	38.2	46.9

图9 不同碳化时间水泥浆体试件的累积孔隙体积变化

Fig.9 Cumulative pore volume changes of cement paste specimens at different carbonation time

图10 不同碳化时间水泥浆体孔隙体积分布的变化

Fig.10 Variation of pore volume distribution in cement paste at different carbonation time

图11 不同碳化时间水泥砂浆孔隙率及平均孔径

Fig.11 Porosity and average pore size of cement mortar at different carbonation time

图12 不同碳化时间下水泥胶砂的抗压强度

Fig.12 Compressive strength of cement mortar under different carbonation time

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低浓度CO₂条件40 ℃环境对水泥胶砂早期碳化与水化反应进程影响研究

Influence of Low-Concentration CO₂ Environment at 40 ℃ on Early Carbonation and Hydration Reaction Process of Cement Mortar

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