矿渣基凝胶材料固化粉土路基填料的路用性能研究与应用

doi:10.16552/j.cnki.issn1001-1625.2025.0482

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 本文采用氢氧化钙(Ca(OH)₂)和硫酸钠(Na₂SO₄)协同激发矿渣(GGBS)制备碱激发胶凝材料固化剂进行粉土改良,并设置水泥固化粉土为对照组,以解决粉土作为路基填料级配差、强度低等缺点。通过单因素试验确定了三种固化材料的合理掺量范围,采用响应面法对矿渣基固化剂配合比进行优化;同时开展了室内固化粉土力学性能试验,研究固化剂掺量对不同龄期固化粉土的无侧限抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度、承载比(CBR)的影响规律,并根据室内试验结果,针对安阳至罗山高速公路段开展固化粉土路基填料现场试验,验证了复合固化剂固化粉土路基具有良好的路用性能。结果表明:矿渣、氢氧化钙、硫酸钠的最佳质量配合比为19.75:10.86:1.00。矿渣基固化粉土的无侧限抗压强度和劈裂抗拉强度会随着养护龄期和固化剂掺量的增加而提高;4%(质量分数)掺量的矿渣基固化粉土CBR值为27.96%,已满足承载比要求,较同等掺量水泥固化粉土的CBR值提高了约17.95%。矿渣基固化粉土路基现场试验段的压实度、动力锥贯入指数(DCPI)值、CBR值和弯沉值检测结果达到设计要求,应用效果良好,可在粉土路基填料中推广应用。

关键词: 粉土改良, 磨细高炉矿渣, 路用性能, 现场试验, 响应面法

Abstract: In this study, alkali-activated cementitious materials were developed through the synergistic activation of ground blast furnace slag (GGBS) with calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)₂) and sodium sulfate (Na₂SO₄) for silt improvement. Cement stabilization was employed as a control group to address the deficiencies of poor gradation and low strength in silt when used as roadbed filler. Single-factor experiments were conducted to determine the optimal dosage ranges of the three curing materials, and the mix ratio of the composite curing agent was further optimized using the response surface methodology. Additionally, laboratory mechanical property tests were performed on solidified silt to investigate the influence of varying dosages of solidifying agents on the unconfined compressive strength, split tensile strength, and California bearing ratio (CBR) of solidified silt at different curing ages. Based on the laboratory findings, field trials were carried out on solidified silt subgrade fillers for the Anyang-Luoshan expressway section. The results confirmed that the silt subgrade stabilized with the composite curing agent exhibited excellent road performance. Test results indicates that the optimal mass mix ratio of slag, calcium hydroxide, and sodium sulfate is 19.75:10.86:1. The unconfined compressive strength and splitting tensile strength of the composite-stabilized soil increases with both the curing age and the dosage of the curing agent. The CBR value of the composite-stabilized soil with a 4% (mass fraction) dosage reached 27.96%, satisfying the bearing ratio requirements and being approximately 17.95% higher than that of the cement-stabilized soil with the same dosage. The compaction degree, dynamic cone penetrometer index (DCPI), CBR value, and deflection value of the test section of the slag-based solidified silt subgrade met the design specifications, demonstrating good application effects. This approach can be widely promotes for silt subgrade fillers.

Key words: improved silt, ground granulated blast slag, road performance, field test, response surface method

中图分类号:

U416.1

吴伟军, 丁北斗, 张鲲鹏. 矿渣基凝胶材料固化粉土路基填料的路用性能研究与应用[J]. 硅酸盐通报, 2025, 44(10): 3747-3760.

WU Weijun, DING Beidou, ZHANG Kunpeng. Road Performance Research and Application of Stabilized Silt Subgrade with Slag-Based Cementitious Materials[J]. BULLETIN OF THE CHINESE CERAMIC SOCIETY, 2025, 44(10): 3747-3760.

参考文献

[1] 《中国公路学报》编辑部. 中国路基工程学术研究综述·2021[J]. 中国公路学报, 2021, 34(3): 1-49.
Editorial Department of China Journal of Highway and Transport. Review on China's subgrade engineering research·2021[J]. China Journal of Highway and Transport, 2021, 34(3): 1-49 (in Chinese).
[2] 孙建宇, 吕颖慧, 张贵秀, 等. 黄河冲积粉土动三轴试验与动力特性研究[J/OL]. 济南大学学报(自然科学版), 2024: 1-7 (2024-12-25) [2025-04-08]. https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?filename=SDJC20241224002&dbname=CJFD&dbcode=CJFQ.
SUN J Y, LYU Y H, ZHANG G X, et al. Study on dynamic triaxial test and dynamic characteristics of alluvial silt in the Yellow River[J/OL]. Journal of University of Jinan (Science of Technology), 2024: 1-7 (2024-12-25) [2025-04-08]. https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?filename=SDJC20241224002&dbname=CJFD&dbcode=CJFQ (in Chinese).
[3] 周志伟, 郑文杰, 白雪冬, 等. 黄土黏附特性评价-室内试验和微观响应机制研究[J]. 土木工程学报, 2024, 57(6): 209-220.
ZHOU Z W, ZHENG W J, BAI X D, et al. Evaluation of loess adhesion characteristics-laboratory experiment and inherent microscopic mechanism[J]. China Civil Engineering Journal, 2024, 57(6): 209-220 (in Chinese).
[4] 王津津, 王志才, 高涛, 等. 黄河冲积平原细粒土小应变剪切模量试验研究[J]. 震灾防御技术, 2024, 19(4): 675-684.
WANG J J, WANG Z C, GAO T, et al. Experimental study on small strain shear modulus of fine grained soil in the Yellow River alluvial plain[J]. Technology for Earthquake Disaster Prevention, 2024, 19(4): 675-684 (in Chinese).
[5] 朱军, 陈少波, 英旭, 等. 粉砂与粉土固结蠕变特性对比的试验研究[J]. 岩土工程学报, 2024, 46(增刊2): 82-86.
ZHU J, CHEN S B, YING X, et al. Experimental study on comparison of consolidation creep characteristics between silt and silt[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2024, 46(supplement 2): 82-86 (in Chinese).
[6] 张建羽, 吕敦玉, 刘长礼, 等. 河南郑州市岩土地层结构特征及地下空间开发利用建议[J]. 地质论评, 2023, 69(1): 305-315.
ZHANG J Y, LYU D Y, LIU C L, et al. Characteristics of rock: soil stratigraphic structure in Zhengzhou City and suggestions for development and utilization of underground space[J]. Geological Review, 2023, 69(1): 305-315 (in Chinese).
[7] 黄茂桐, 杨奇, 聂如松, 等. 考虑荷载间歇的粉土填料变形行为及临界弹性应变分析[J]. 铁道科学与工程学报, 2023, 20(4): 1359-1369.
HUANG M T, YANG Q, NIE R S, et al. Deformation behaviors and critical resilient strain analysis of silt filler under intermittent loading[J]. Journal of Railway Science and Engineering, 2023, 20(4): 1359-1369 (in Chinese).
[8] 易文妮, 刘津丞, 余虔, 等. 循环荷载作用下非饱和盐化粉土动力特性[J]. 哈尔滨工业大学学报, 2023, 55(6): 125-133.
YI W N, LIU J C, YU Q, et al. Dynamic characteristics of unsaturated salinized silt under cyclic loading[J]. Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology, 2023, 55(6): 125-133 (in Chinese).
[9] 孙仁娟, 方晨, 高发亮, 等. 基于固弃物的固化土路用性能及固化机理研究[J]. 中国公路学报, 2021, 34(10): 216-224.
SUN R J, FANG C, GAO F L, et al. Study on pavement performance and solidified mechanism of solidified soil based on solid waste[J]. China Journal of Highway and Transport, 2021, 34(10): 216-224 (in Chinese).
[10] 崔祎菲, 刘梦华, 张益聪, 等. 超高性能碱激发混凝土的性能及环境影响研究[J]. 硅酸盐通报, 2025, 44(5): 1689-1702.
CUI Y F, LIU M H, ZHANG Y C, et al. Performance and environmental impact of ultra-high performance alkali-activated concrete[J]. Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2025, 44(5): 1689-1702 (in Chinese).
[11] SINGH S, KUMAR A, SITHARAM T G. Experimental study on strength, durability, hydraulic and toxicity characteristics of soil treated with mine tailings based geopolymers for sustainable road subgrade application[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2024, 414: 134894.
[12] 刘扬, 陈湘, 王柏文, 等. 碱激发粉煤灰-矿渣-电石渣基地聚物的制备及强度机理[J]. 硅酸盐通报, 2023, 42(4): 1353-1362.
LIU Y, CHEN X, WANG B W, et al. Preparation and strength mechanism of alkali-activated fly ash-slag-carbide slag based geopolymer[J]. Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2023, 42(4): 1353-1362 (in Chinese).
[13] 刘扬, 肖欣欣, 陈湘, 等. 电石渣对碱激发粉煤灰-矿渣抗碳化性能的影响[J]. 硅酸盐通报, 2023, 42(9): 3204-3211.
LIU Y, XIAO X X, CHEN X, et al. Effect of carbide slag on carbonation resistance of alkali-activated fly ash-slag[J]. Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2023, 42(9): 3204-3211 (in Chinese).
[14] 李青, 姚凯, 李俊潼, 等. 氢氧化钙对碱矿渣材料硫酸盐结晶破坏的抑制机理[J]. 建筑材料学报, 2023, 26(4): 437-442+448.
LI Q, YAO K, LI J T, et al. Inhibition mechanism of calcium hydroxide on sulfate crystallization damage of alkali-activated slag materials[J]. Journal of Building Materials, 2023, 26(4): 437-442+448 (in Chinese).
[15] HUANG S H, FAN Y, WU J R, et al. Experimental study on the performance of basalt fiber combined with calcium carbide slag and ground granulated blast-furnace slag in reinforcing dredged silt[J]. Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy, 2025, 43: 101900.
[16] GAO Q, GE J H, ZHANG J, et al. Experimental study on the engineering characteristics of modified silt in the Yellow River alluvial plain[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2023, 398: 132491.
[17] 王浩, 廖霖, 侯泽彪, 等. 矿渣基地聚合物固化黄土路用性能试验研究[J]. 公路交通科技, 2024, 41(10): 103-111+138.
WANG H, LIAO L, HOU Z B, et al. Experimental study on road performance of slag-based geopolymer solidified loess[J]. Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development, 2024, 41(10): 103-111+138 (in Chinese).
[18] 周彰安, 王志佳, 段书苏, 等. 硫酸钠激发钢渣-矿渣复合胶凝材料工程性能及基体增强机理[J/OL]. 材料科学与工艺, 2024: 1-10 (2024-11-11) [2025-04-08]. https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?filename=CLKG20241107001&dbname=CJFD&dbcode=CJFQ.
ZHOU Z A, WANG Z J, DUAN S S, et al. Engineering properties and matrix reinforcement mechanism of steel slag-slag composite cementitious materials excited by sodium sulfate[J/OL]. Material Science Technology, 2024: 1-10 (2024-11-11) [2025-04-08]. https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?filename=CLKG20241107001&dbname=CJFD&dbcode=CJFQ (in Chinese).
[19] 汤青青, 孙国文, 王金雨, 等. 磨细矿渣激发剂的研制以及机理的探讨[J]. 混凝土, 2021(4): 67-69.
TANG Q Q, SUN G W, WANG J Y, et al. Development of ground slag activator and discussion of its mechanism[J]. Concrete, 2021(4): 67-69 (in Chinese).
[20] 力乙鹏, 李婷. 土壤固化剂的固化机理与研究进展[J]. 材料导报, 2020, 34(增刊2): 1273-1277+1298.
LI Y P, LI T. Curing mechanism and research progress of soil curing agent[J]. Materials Reports, 2020, 34(supplement 2): 1273-1277+1298 (in Chinese).
[21] 吴伟军, 张鲲鹏, 张宁, 等. 赤泥复合固化剂固化粉土路用性能及机理分析[J/OL]. 建筑材料学报, 2024: 1-14 (2024-08-13) [2025-04-08]. https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?filename=JZCX2024080900P&dbname=CJFD&dbcode=CJFQ.
WU W J, ZHANG K P, ZHANG N, et al. Performance and mechanism analysis of red mud composite curing agent curing silt for road use[J/OL]. Journal of Building Materials, 2024: 1-14 (2024-08-13) [2025-04-08]. https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?filename=JZCX2024080900P&dbname=CJFD&dbcode=CJFQ (in Chinese).
[22] 张震洋, 张璐, 伊海赫, 等. 基于响应面法的地聚物混凝土力学性能试验研究[J]. 硅酸盐通报, 2024, 43(9): 3192-3202.
ZHANG Z Y, ZHANG L, YI H H, et al. Mechanical properties of geopolymer concrete based on response surface method[J]. Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2024, 43(9): 3192-3202 (in Chinese).
[23] ZHANG P, WANG K X, LI Q F, et al. Fabrication and engineering properties of concretes based on geopolymers/alkali-activated binders-a review[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2020, 258: 120896.
[24] 杨李. 氢氧化钙与硫酸钠协同激发制备碱激发胶凝材料性能研究[J]. 黑龙江水利科技, 2024, 52(9): 23-26.
YANG L. Study on properties of alkali excited gelling materials prepared by synergistic excitation of calcium hydroxide and sodium sulfate[J]. Heilongjiang Hydraulic Science and Technology, 2024, 52(9): 23-26 (in Chinese).
[25] 胡其志, 李俊杰, 陶高梁, 等. 高炉矿渣-电石渣复合改良膨胀土工程特性与机理研究[J]. 硅酸盐通报, 2025, 44(2): 602-612.
HU Q Z, LI J J, TAO G L, et al. Engineering property and mechanism of ground granulated blast slag-carbide slag composite improved expansive soil[J]. Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2025, 44(2): 602-612 (in Chinese).
[26] 张鲲鹏, 张宁, 丁北斗. 基于响应面法的复合固化土配合比优化研究[J]. 硅酸盐通报, 2025, 44(1): 368-377.
ZHANG K P, ZHANG N, DING B D. Mix ratio optimization research on composite cured soil based on response surface method[J]. Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2025, 44(1): 368-377 (in Chinese).
[27] 中华人民共和国交通运输部. 公路土工试验规程: JTG 3430—2020[S]. 北京: 人民交通出版社, 2020.
Ministry of Transport of the People's Republic of China. Test methods of soils for highway engineering: JTG 3430—2020[S]. Beijing: China Communications Press, 2020 (in Chinese).
[28] 中华人民共和国交通运输部. 公路工程无机结合料稳定材料试验规程: JTG E51—2009[S]. 北京: 人民交通出版社, 2009.
Ministry of Transport of the People's Republic of China. Test code for inorganic binder stabilized materials for highway engineering: JTG E51—2009[S]. Beijing: China Communications Press, 2009 (in Chinese).
[29] 中华人民共和国交通运输部. 公路路基路面现场测试规程: JTG 3450—2019[S]. 北京: 人民交通出版社, 2019.
Ministry of Transport of the People's Republic of China. Field test methods of highway subgrade and pavement: JTG 3450—2019[S]. Beijing: China Communications Press, 2019 (in Chinese).
[30] 马鹏程, 陈则连, 刘润, 等. 静力触探贯入成层土界面效应研究及工程应用[J]. 铁道标准设计, 2025, 69(5): 57-64.
MA P C, CHEN Z L, LIU R, et al. Study on interface effect of layered soil in cone penetration testing and its engineering application[J]. Railway Standard Design, 2025, 69(5): 57-64 (in Chinese).