硅酸盐通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (3): 930-945.DOI: 10.16552/j.cnki.issn1001-1625.2025.1126
宋佳田1(
), 吴跃凤2, 韩梦晴3, 李泳祺2, 李浩2, 赵凡2, 马飞龙2, 王忆霖1, 金扬利1(
), 陈玮1, 刘永华1, 韩滨1
收稿日期:2025-11-14
修订日期:2026-01-11
出版日期:2026-03-20
发布日期:2026-04-10
通信作者:
金扬利,教授级高级工程师。E-mail:yanglijin00@163.com作者简介:宋佳田(1997—),女,助理工程师。主要从事红外薄膜的研究。E-mail:songjiatiango@163.com
SONG Jiatian1(
), WU Yuefeng2, HAN Mengqing3, LI Yongqi2, LI Hao2, ZHAO Fan2, MA Feilong2, WANG Yilin1, JIN Yangli1(
), CHEN Wei1, LIU Yonghua1, HAN Bin1
Received:2025-11-14
Revised:2026-01-11
Published:2026-03-20
Online:2026-04-10
摘要:
高质量红外探测与传感系统在军事和社会生活中需求迫切。为改善长波红外光学窗口基材的光学与机械性能,提高长波红外系统的探测精度和环境耐候性,光学窗口表面增透保护薄膜的设计制备技术逐渐成为了红外技术领域的研究热点之一。本文基于近年来红外增透膜与增透保护膜的研究进展,概述了常用长波红外窗口镀膜基材和膜层材料特性,系统介绍了国内外针对长波范围的红外光学窗口表面增透保护薄膜的研究进展,归纳了膜层结构的设计方法及常用的制备手段,并展望了高质量长波红外增透保护薄膜设计制备领域的未来发展。
中图分类号:
宋佳田, 吴跃凤, 韩梦晴, 李泳祺, 李浩, 赵凡, 马飞龙, 王忆霖, 金扬利, 陈玮, 刘永华, 韩滨. 高耐候长波红外增透保护薄膜研究进展[J]. 硅酸盐通报, 2026, 45(3): 930-945.
SONG Jiatian, WU Yuefeng, HAN Mengqing, LI Yongqi, LI Hao, ZHAO Fan, MA Feilong, WANG Yilin, JIN Yangli, CHEN Wei, LIU Yonghua, HAN Bin. Research Advances in High-Weather-Resistance LWIR Anti-Reflection Protective Thin Films[J]. BULLETIN OF THE CHINESE CERAMIC SOCIETY, 2026, 45(3): 930-945.
| Material | Working wavelength range/μm | Refractive index | Density/ (g·cm-3) | Knoop hardness/ (kg·mm-2) | Elastic modulus/ GPa | Melting point/℃ | Coefficient of thermal expansion/ (10-6 K-1) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ge | 1.8~12 | 4.02 | 5.33 | 780 | 103 | 937 | 6.0 |
| Si | 1.1~9 | 4.0 | 2.33 | 1 150 | 131 | 1 420 | 2.6 |
| Diamond | 0.25~3, 5~100 | 2.38 | 3.51 | 9 000 | 1 050 | 3 770 | 0.8 |
| CVD ZnS | 0.6~13 | 2.25 | 4.09 | 250 | 74 | 1 830 | 6.8 |
| Multispectral ZnS | 0.35~14.5 | 2.25 | 4.09 | 160 | 88 | 1 830 | 7.0 |
| CVD ZnSe | 0.5~20 | 2.43 | 5.27 | 137 | 70 | 1 520 | 7.1 |
| As40Se60 | 1~14 | 2.77 | 4.63 | 106 | 18.3 | 185(transition temperature) | 21.40 |
| Ge22As20Se58 | 0.9~14 | 2.5 | 4.65 | 150 | 23 | 300(transition temperature) | 17.10 |
表1 常用长波红外光窗基材特性对比[15-16]
Table 1 Comparison of characteristics of common LWIR optical window substrates[15-16]
| Material | Working wavelength range/μm | Refractive index | Density/ (g·cm-3) | Knoop hardness/ (kg·mm-2) | Elastic modulus/ GPa | Melting point/℃ | Coefficient of thermal expansion/ (10-6 K-1) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ge | 1.8~12 | 4.02 | 5.33 | 780 | 103 | 937 | 6.0 |
| Si | 1.1~9 | 4.0 | 2.33 | 1 150 | 131 | 1 420 | 2.6 |
| Diamond | 0.25~3, 5~100 | 2.38 | 3.51 | 9 000 | 1 050 | 3 770 | 0.8 |
| CVD ZnS | 0.6~13 | 2.25 | 4.09 | 250 | 74 | 1 830 | 6.8 |
| Multispectral ZnS | 0.35~14.5 | 2.25 | 4.09 | 160 | 88 | 1 830 | 7.0 |
| CVD ZnSe | 0.5~20 | 2.43 | 5.27 | 137 | 70 | 1 520 | 7.1 |
| As40Se60 | 1~14 | 2.77 | 4.63 | 106 | 18.3 | 185(transition temperature) | 21.40 |
| Ge22As20Se58 | 0.9~14 | 2.5 | 4.65 | 150 | 23 | 300(transition temperature) | 17.10 |
图2 ZnS红外光窗表面镀制不同过渡层结构的DLC薄膜与红外增透薄膜的实物照片与光谱对比
Fig.2 Sample image and spectral comparison images of ZnS infrared optical windows coated with DLC thin films with different transition layer structures and infrared anti-reflection protective thin films
图3 ZnS基材表面不同最外层保护膜结构及方法的示意图、光谱对比和力学性能曲线
Fig.3 Schematic diagram of different outermost protective film structures and methods on ZnS substrate surface, spectral comparison and mechanical property curves
图4 Ge基底表面制备的红外增透保护膜在湿热环境试验后的膜层脱落情况和透过率对比
Fig.4 Comparison of exfoliation and transmittance of infrared anti-reflection protective film prepared on Ge substrate surface after test in humid and hot environment
图5 不同膜层制备方法在Ge光窗基材表面镀制增透保护膜层的结构与性能曲线
Fig.5 Structure and performance curves of infrared anti-reflection protective films coated on surface of Ge optical window substrates by different film preparation methods
图6 硫系玻璃As40Se60基底表面镀制不同膜层结构红外增透保护薄膜的光谱对比
Fig.6 Spectral comparison of infrared anti-reflection protective thin films with different film structures plated on As40Se60 substrate of chylous glass
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