基于裂纹起源控制的钠钙硅酸盐玻璃动态裂纹扩展指数测定研究

doi:10.16552/j.cnki.issn1001-1625.2025.1120

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

亚临界裂纹扩展（SCG）是引发玻璃材料在服役条件下出现疲劳行为（即强度退化）与寿命缩短的核心机制，而动态裂纹扩展指数n是表征材料抗SCG能力的重要参数。现有文献中报道的n值测定过程参数不统一，导致测定结果离散性大，目前相关的影响机制尚不明晰。基于该现状，本研究以钠钙硅酸盐玻璃为对象，通过调控维氏压痕载荷制备不同形态的预制缺陷，分析了缺陷形态对裂纹起源及n值测定数值的影响。结果表明：低压痕载荷（0.196 N）作用仅引发局部致密化为主的形变，无法诱发尖裂纹的形成，这导致断裂的起源点随机，无法获得本征n值。当压痕载荷提高至2.940 N时，尖裂纹可稳定预制，断裂的起源位置能被有效控制；该条件下测得n值为31，接近文献报道的上限值（35）。该结果可能与本研究采用较高的应力加载速率，从而削弱了应力腐蚀效应，以及预制缺陷时引入的残余应力等因素相关。该工作为无机脆性硅酸盐玻璃n值测试过程中预制缺陷的规范化提供了试验和理论依据。

关键词: 钠钙硅酸盐玻璃, 动态裂纹扩展指数, 裂纹起源控制, 维氏压痕, 同轴双环弯曲

Abstract:

Subcritical crack growth （SCG） is the fundamental mechanism driving the fatigue behavior （strength degradation） and the service lifetime reduction of glass materials. The dynamic crack growth index n is a critical parameter for characterizing a material’s resistance to SCG. Currently， discrepancies in testing parameters reported across literature have led to significant scatter in measured n values， yet the underlying influence mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this work， soda-lime silicate glass was selected as the research object. By varying the Vickers indentation load， pre-induced flaws with different morphologies were introduced to systematically investigate their effects on crack initiation and the determination of n. The results show that a low indentation load （0.196 N） produces deformation dominated by localized densification， failing to initiate sharp cracks， which leads to random fracture origins and prevents determination of the intrinsic n value. Conversely， increasing the indentation load to 2.940 N enables the stable formation of sharp precracks， effectively controlling the fracture origin. Under this condition， the measured n value is 31， approaching the upper bound （35） of reported values. This relatively high value is likely associated with the high stress rate applied in this study， which suppresses the stress corrosion， as well as the residual stresses induced by indentation. This work provides both experimental and theoretical insights for the standardization of precrack preparation in the dynamic crack growth index measurement for inorganic brittle silicate glasses.

Key words: soda-lime silicate glass, dynamic crack growth index, controlled crack initiation, Vickers indentation, coaxial double-ring bending test

中图分类号:

TQ171

张金龙, 周和敏, 田昊东, 户云婷, 徐驰, 乔昂, 陶海征. 基于裂纹起源控制的钠钙硅酸盐玻璃动态裂纹扩展指数测定研究[J]. 硅酸盐通报, 2026, 45(3): 903-910.

ZHANG Jinlong, ZHOU Hemin, TIAN Haodong, HU Yunting, XU Chi, QIAO Ang, TAO Haizheng. Determination of Dynamic Crack Growth Index of Soda-Lime Silicate Glass Based on Controlling Crack Initiation[J]. BULLETIN OF THE CHINESE CERAMIC SOCIETY, 2026, 45(3): 903-910.

图/表 7

图1 硅酸盐玻璃裂纹扩展速率-应力强度因子（v-KI）的典型关系曲线示意图［5］

Fig.1 Schematic of typical crack growth velocity-stress intensity factor （v-KI） curve for silicate glass［5］

表1 钠钙硅酸盐玻璃报道的n值试验条件和结果汇总表

Table 1 Summary of experimental conditions and reported results of dynamic crack growth index nfor soda-lime silicate glass

Method	Test condition	Surface condition	Indentation load/N	Stress rate range/（MPa·s^-1）	n value
FPB	RT， air	Indented	19.6	0.22~22.2	16.2^［20］
FPB	27 ℃， 65% RH	As-received	—	0.04~400	21.8^［13］
FPB	27 ℃， 65% RH	Indented	9.8	0.04~400	21.1^［13］
FPB	RT， 25%~30% RH	Abraded	—	1~100	28.0^［21］
FPB	25 ℃， 45% RH	Indented	9.8	0.009 82~9.82	18.8^［22］
CDR	RT， air	Scratch	—	0.003~50	18.1^［15］
CDR	RT， air	Indented	300	0.02~200	21.6^［16］
CDR	22.7 ℃， 50% RH	Indented	30	0.02~20	14.2^［17］
CDR	22 ℃， 30% RH	As-received	—	2~5.6×10⁶	26.4^［19］
CDR	22 ℃， 30% RH	Scratch	—	1~1.5×10⁶	34.6^［19］
CDR	25 ℃， 50% RH	Indented	9.8	0.6~20	14.8^［23］

图2 钠钙硅酸盐玻璃在不同载荷下的维氏压痕典型形貌图

Fig.2 Typical Vickers indentation imprints of soda-lime silicate glass under different loads

图3 不同压痕载荷预制缺陷的钠钙硅酸盐玻璃在不同应力速率下的典型断裂形貌图

Fig.3 Representative fracture patterns of soda-lime silicate glasses with pre-induced flaws under different indentation loads， measured at various stress rates

图4 不同压痕载荷预制缺陷的钠钙硅酸盐玻璃在不同应力速率下测得的载荷-位移曲线

Fig.4 Load-displacement curves of soda-lime silicate glass with pre-induced flaws under different indentation loads， measured at various stress rates

表2 不同压痕载荷预制缺陷的钠钙硅酸盐玻璃在不同应力速率下测得的断裂强度

Table 2 Fracture strength of soda-lime silicate glass with pre-induced flaws under different indentation loads， measured at various stress rates

$σ ˙$ /（MPa·s^-1）	σ_f（0.196 N）/MPa	σ_f（2.940 N）/MPa
1	74.5±10.4	66.1±2.2
3	87.7±8.3	68.4±2.0
10	97.9±10.0	70.8±2.8
32	120.8±13.0	74.1±3.1
100	159.3±13.2	76.4±2.0

表2 不同压痕载荷预制缺陷的钠钙硅酸盐玻璃在不同应力速率下测得的断裂强度

Table 2 Fracture strength of soda-lime silicate glass with pre-induced flaws under different indentation loads， measured at various stress rates

$σ ˙$ /（MPa·s^-1）	σ_f（0.196 N）/MPa	σ_f（2.940 N）/MPa
1	74.5±10.4	66.1±2.2
3	87.7±8.3	68.4±2.0
10	97.9±10.0	70.8±2.8
32	120.8±13.0	74.1±3.1
100	159.3±13.2	76.4±2.0

图5 钠钙硅酸盐玻璃断裂应力和应力加载速率的对数关系

Fig.5 Logarithmic relationship between fracture stress and stress rate for soda-lime silicate glass

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