高静水压作用下观察窗玻璃应力分布及强度设计

doi:10.16552/j.cnki.issn1001-1625.2025.1093

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

避免观察窗玻璃破裂事故发生，是确保相关精密或特种装备系统结构安全可靠的重要保障之一。基于理论、试验及ANSYS数值模拟软件，分析了圆形及条形观察窗玻璃在高静水压作用下的应力分布特征、影响因素及失效模式。结果表明，圆形及条形观察窗玻璃最大拉应力均分布于非承载面的板中心部位，且在边缘夹持部位的内边缘处集中分布剪切应力，观察窗玻璃破裂由拉应力、剪切应力或拉-剪复合作用引发。随着边缘搭接宽度的增大，观察窗玻璃最大拉应力线性减小。在相同条件下，观察窗玻璃的最大拉应力值随其厚度的增大而不断减小，且随静水压力值的增大而线性增大。本文给出了考虑玻璃材料强度离散性和载荷作用时间的观察窗玻璃强度设计方法，为指导观察窗口玻璃材料选择、结构安全设计提供技术参考。

关键词: 观察窗玻璃, 静水压力, 应力分布特征, 持久载荷, 安全系数, 强度设计

Abstract:

Avoiding the occurrence of observation window glass breakage accidents is one of the important guarantees to ensure the safety and reliability of related precision or special equipment system structures. Based on theory， experiments， and ANSYS numerical simulation software， the stress distribution characteristics， influencing factors， and failure modes of circular and strip observation window glass under high hydrostatic pressure were analyzed. The results show that the maximum tensile stress of circular and strip observation window glass is distributed in the center of the non bearing surface of the plate， and shear stress is concentrated in the inner edge of the edge clamp. The fracture of the observation window glass is caused by tensile stress， shear stress， or a combination of tensile and shear forces. As the edge overlap width increases， the maximum tensile stress of the observation window glass also decreases linearly. Under the same conditions， the maximum tensile stress value of the observation window glass decreases continuously with the increase of its thickness， and increases linearly with the increase of the hydrostatic pressure value. A design method for the strength of observation window glass considering the discreteness of glass material strength and load application time has been proposed. The research results provide technical guidance for guiding the selection of glass materials and structural safety design for observation windows.

Key words: observation window glass, hydrostatic pressure, stress distribution characteristic, persistent load, safety factor, strength design

中图分类号:

TQ171

王浩枫, 何坤, 周鹏, 刘小根, 祖成奎, 曹大可, 田昊东, 杨鹏慧. 高静水压作用下观察窗玻璃应力分布及强度设计[J]. 硅酸盐通报, 2026, 45(3): 894-902.

WANG Haofeng, HE Kun, ZHOU Peng, LIU Xiaogen, ZU Chengkui, CAO Dake, TIAN Haodong, YANG Penghui. Stress Distribution and Strength Design of Observation Window Glass under High Hydrostatic Pressure[J]. BULLETIN OF THE CHINESE CERAMIC SOCIETY, 2026, 45(3): 894-902.

图/表 11

图1 观察窗玻璃安装示意图及力学分析简化图

Fig.1 Installation diagram and simplified diagram of mechanical model of observation window glass

表1 f取值表

Table 1 Value of f

a/b	1.0	1.2	1.4	1.6	1.8	2.0	3.0	4.0	5.0	+∞
f	0.287 4	0.376 2	0.453 0	0.517 2	0.568 8	0.610 2	0.713 4	0.741 0	0.747 6	0.750 0

图2 观察窗玻璃结构示意图

Fig.2 Structural diagram of observation window glass

图3 ANSYS数值分析模型

Fig.3 ANSYS numerical analysis model

图4 圆形观察窗玻璃第一主应力和剪切应力分布云图

Fig.4 First principal stress and shear stress distribution cloud map of circular observation window glass

图5 条形观察窗玻璃第一主应力和剪切应力分布云图

Fig.5 First principal stress and shear stress distribution cloud map of elongated observation window glass

图6 高静水压下圆形观察窗玻璃破裂形貌

Fig.6 Fracture morphology of circular observation window glass under high hydrostatic pressure

图7 不同搭接宽度、厚度和静水压力下观察窗玻璃的最大拉应力曲线图

Fig.7 Maximum tensile stress curves of observation window glass under different overlapping width， thickness， and hydrostatic pressure

表2 玻璃材料设计安全系数与失效概率之间的关系

Table 2 Relationship between design safety factor of glass material and probability of failure

Safety factor	1.0	1.5	2.0	2.5	3.0	3.3
Failure probability/%	50	9	1	0.1	0.01	0.003

表3 实验室玻璃强度测试与加载持续时间

Table 3 Relationship between design safety factor of glass material and probability of failure

Types of glass	Laboratory testing of glass strength/MPa	loading rate/［N·（mm²·s）^-1］	Loading duration/s
Sodium calcium silicate glass	62	2	30
Physical tempered glass	150	2	60
Quartz glass	75.9	2	38

表4 考虑持久载荷作用下的安全系数N2

Table 4 Safety factor N2 considering persistent loading

Types of glass	Loading duration
Types of glass	38 s	30 d	180 d	1 a	3 a	5 a
Sodium calcium silicate glass	1	2.22	2.50	2.63	2.78	3.03
Physical tempered glass	1	1.23	1.28	1.31	1.33	1.35
Quartz glass	1	2.27	2.50	2.63	2.78	2.94

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