硅酸盐通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (5): 1777-1789.DOI: 10.16552/j.cnki.issn1001-1625.2025.1018
朱航(
), 李艳(
), 李毅, 王博, 吴亚楠, 张伟, 刘文佳, 李平, 张轲
收稿日期:2025-10-20
修订日期:2025-11-26
出版日期:2026-05-15
发布日期:2026-06-10
通信作者:
李 艳,正高级工程师。E-mail:1024030084@qq.com作者简介:朱 航(1998—),男,硕士研究生。主要从事无机材料的研究。E-mail:zhuh13289841338@163.com
ZHU Hang(
), LI Yan(
), LI Yi, WANG Bo, WU Yanan, ZHANG Wei, LIU Wenjia, LI Ping, ZHANG Ke
Received:2025-10-20
Revised:2025-11-26
Published:2026-05-15
Online:2026-06-10
摘要:
分子筛因具有规则微孔结构、高比表面积及优异吸附选择性,在气体分离与净化领域应用广泛。然而,传统分子筛表面富含硅羟基(—Si—OH)与铝羟基(—Al—OH),在高湿度气体体系中易优先吸附水分子,这会导致孔道堵塞、目标气体吸附容量下降,进而严重限制分子筛对复杂工况的适用性。通过疏水改性调控分子筛表面化学性质与孔道环境,可显著提升分子筛抗水性能,成为解决该问题的核心技术。本文系统综述了分子筛疏水改性的方法(如硅烷偶联剂改性、表面包覆改性、脱铝改性与多方法协同改性),并阐述各方法的作用机理及改性效果;重点分析疏水改性分子筛在CO2捕获、挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)去除及其他污染物净化的应用进展;最后提出了疏水改性分子筛制备及其在气体净化应用中存在的问题,并对疏水改性分子筛的发展趋势进行了展望。
中图分类号:
朱航, 李艳, 李毅, 王博, 吴亚楠, 张伟, 刘文佳, 李平, 张轲. 疏水改性分子筛的制备及其在气体净化领域应用的研究进展[J]. 硅酸盐通报, 2026, 45(5): 1777-1789.
ZHU Hang, LI Yan, LI Yi, WANG Bo, WU Yanan, ZHANG Wei, LIU Wenjia, LI Ping, ZHANG Ke. Research Progress on Preparation of Hydrophobic Modification Zeolite and Its Application in Gas Purification Field[J]. BULLETIN OF THE CHINESE CERAMIC SOCIETY, 2026, 45(5): 1777-1789.
图1 (a)疏水改性ZSM-5分子筛的制备流程;(b)疏水改性ZSM-5分子筛的疏水机理示意图[27]
Fig.1 (a) Preparation process of hydrophobic modification ZSM-5 zeolite; (b) schematic diagram of hydrophobic mechanism of hydrophobic modification ZSM-5 zeolite[27]
图2 (a)多孔复合材料制备工艺示意图;(b)NaX/聚丙烯酸酯复合样品的水吸附等温线[31]
Fig.2 (a) Schematic diagram of preparation process of porous composites; (b) water adsorption isotherms of NaX/polyacrylate composite samples[31]
图3 (a)13X@MPC在湿烟气下的合成和碳捕集过程;(b)和(c)13X改性前后的水接触角;(d)和(e)13X、13X@MPC在湿烟气下的穿透曲线[32]
Fig.3 (a) Synthesis and carbon capture process of 13X@MPC under wet flue gas; (b) and (c) water contact angle of 13X before and after modification respectively; (d) and (e) penetration curves of 13X, 13X@MPC under wet flue gas[32]
图4 (a)MWAC处理Beta分子筛疏水机理示意图;(b)Beta、Beta-EDTA、Beta-EDTA-NH4OH的水接触角;(c)Beta、Beta-EDTA、Beta-EDTA-NH4OH和Y分子筛的N2物理吸附等温线[42]
Fig.4 (a) Schematic diagram of hydrophobic mechanism of Beta zeolite by MWAC treatment; (b) water contact angle of Beta, Beta-EDTA, Beta-EDTA-NH4OH; (c) N2 physisorption isotherms of Beta, Beta-EDTA, Beta-EDTA-NH4OH and Y zeolite[42]
图5 (a)APTES-ZSM-5模型构建示意图[44];(b)ZSM-5(001)和APTES-ZSM-5表面的动态润湿过程[45]
Fig.5 (a) Schematic diagram of APTES-ZSM-5 model construction[44]; (b) dynamic wetting process of ZSM-5(001) and APTES-ZSM-5 surfaces[45]
| 改性方法 | 水接触 角/(°) | 制备成本 | 适用气体类型 | 核心优势 | 面临挑战 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 硅烷偶联剂改性 | 90~142 | 中高 | VOCs、CO2 | 改性效率高、稳定性优异 | 过量易堵孔,需精准控量 |
| 表面包覆改性 | 92~130 | 高 | CO2、CH3I | 疏水效果显著 | 表面包覆层不均匀,批量生产性能波动较大 |
| 脱铝改性 | 52~70 | 低 | 低浓度 VOCs、CHCl3 | 成本低、工艺简单 | 易破坏骨架,高 Si/Al 合成困难 |
| 多方法协同改性 | 112~145 | 中 | CO2、VOCs、CO | 综合性能优异,适用范围广 | 制备工艺复杂 |
表1 不同分子筛疏水改性方法综合对比
Table 1 Comprehensive comparison of different zeolite hydrophobic modification methods
| 改性方法 | 水接触 角/(°) | 制备成本 | 适用气体类型 | 核心优势 | 面临挑战 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 硅烷偶联剂改性 | 90~142 | 中高 | VOCs、CO2 | 改性效率高、稳定性优异 | 过量易堵孔,需精准控量 |
| 表面包覆改性 | 92~130 | 高 | CO2、CH3I | 疏水效果显著 | 表面包覆层不均匀,批量生产性能波动较大 |
| 脱铝改性 | 52~70 | 低 | 低浓度 VOCs、CHCl3 | 成本低、工艺简单 | 易破坏骨架,高 Si/Al 合成困难 |
| 多方法协同改性 | 112~145 | 中 | CO2、VOCs、CO | 综合性能优异,适用范围广 | 制备工艺复杂 |
图6 (a)在潮湿条件下,由 ZIF-8 外壳保护的疏水改性分子筛表面吸附CO2的示意图; (b) 13X、ZIF-8和13X@ZIF-8的水接触角; (c) 13X@ZIF-8、ZIF-8 和 13X 在不同温度下的 CO2 吸附能力;(d)13X@ZIF-8 和 ZIF-8 的理想 CO2/N2 选择性[49]
Fig.6 (a) Schematic diagram of CO2 adsorption on hydrophobic modification zeolite surface protected by ZIF-8 shell under humid conditions; (b) water contact angle of 13X, ZIF-8, and 13X@ZIF-8; (c) 13X@ZIF-8, ZIF-8, and 13X CO2 adsorption capacity at different temperatures; (d) ideal CO2/N2 selectivity of 13X@ZIF-8 and ZIF-8 [49]
图7 (a)Y 分子筛和聚合物单体对水和甲苯的吸附机理和优化吸附构型;(b)Y 分子筛和 Y@P 复合材料对水的静态吸附能力;(c)Y 分子筛和 Y@P 复合材料的水接触角和分散性;(d)不同湿度条件下的甲苯吸附性能 [55]
Fig.7 (a) Adsorption mechanism and optimized adsorption configurations of water and toluene of Y zeolite and polymer monomer; (b) water static adsorption capacity of Y zeolite and Y@P composites; (c) water contact angle and dispersion of Y zeolite and Y@P composites; (d) toluene adsorption performance under different humidity conditions [55]
图8 (a)MFI分子筛样品在298 K下的水蒸气吸附等温线[58];(b)MFI 分子筛样品在 293 K 水溶液中的 CHCl3 吸附等温线[58];(c)疏水改性AgX分子筛对CH3I的吸附机理[59];(d)不同疏水改性AgX分子筛对CH3I的吸附效率[59];(e)CuCl/LaA-BTS在高相对湿度下CO吸附性能增强机理示意图[60];(f)5A、LaA、CuCl/LaA 和 CuCl/LaA-BTS 在不同相对湿度下吸附 CO 的突破曲线[60]
Fig.8 (a) Water vapor adsorption isotherms of MFI zeolite samples at 298 K[58]; (b) CHCl3 adsorption isotherms of MFI zeolite samples in aqueous solutions at 293 K[58]; (c) mechanism of CH3I adsorption on hydrophobic modification AgX zeolite[59];(d) adsorption efficiency of CH3I on different hydrophobic modification AgX zeolite[59]; (e) schematic diagram of mechanism of enhancing CO adsorption performance under high relative humidity over CuCl/LaA-BTS[60]; (f) 5A, LaA, CuCl/LaA and CuCl/LaA-BTS adsorption CO breakthrough curves at variable relative humidity[60]
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