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硅酸盐通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (1): 145-155.DOI: 10.16552/j.cnki.issn1001-1625.2025.0606

• 资源综合利用 • 上一篇    下一篇

偏高岭土基地聚物研究进展及其在石窟寺保护中的应用

杨刚亮1,2(), 苗晓斌1, 严绍军3   

  1. 1.洛阳职业技术学院文物保护考古学院,洛阳 471000
    2.龙门石窟研究院,洛阳 471023
    3.陕西省文物保护研究院,西安 710075
  • 收稿日期:2025-06-23 修订日期:2025-10-09 出版日期:2026-01-20 发布日期:2026-02-10
  • 作者简介:杨刚亮(1978—),男,副教授。主要从事文化遗产与石窟寺保护修复方面的研究。E-mail:Longmen2005@163.com

Research Progress on Metakaolin-Based Geopolymers and Their Application in Conservation of Grottoes

YANG Gangliang1,2(), MIAO Xiaobin1, YAN Shaojun3   

  1. 1. Conservation and Archaeology of Cultural Relic Department,Luoyang Polytechnic,Luoyang 471000,China
    2. Longmen Grottoes Academy,Luoyang 471023,China
    3. Shaanxi Institute for the Preservation of Cultural Heritage,Xi’an 710075,China
  • Received:2025-06-23 Revised:2025-10-09 Published:2026-01-20 Online:2026-02-10

摘要:

石窟寺的水害治理、文物修复等工作,对材料物理力学性能的匹配性、耐候性要求极高。偏高岭土(MK)是一种高活性火山灰材料,以其为原料制备的地聚物展现出优异的稳定性与耐候性,近年来被广泛应用于石窟寺保护工作。MK前驱体与碱性溶液混合,硅、铝四面体聚合形成Si—O—Al—O键合的初始聚合物,进一步缩聚形成稳定的三维网络状胶凝材料——偏高岭土基地聚物(MKG)。MKG的性能与MK原料本身组成、激活剂类型及温度等因素密切相关。然而,受制于盐碱控制、使用环境等,MKG在文物保护中的使用范围和实际性能发挥一般。因此,应结合材料研究进展和文物保护需求,推动提高MKG在文物保护中的应用效果。

关键词: 石窟寺, 文物保护, 地聚物, 聚合机理, 偏高岭土, 碱性激发剂

Abstract:

The conservation of grottoes, including water damage control and restoration, has extremely high requirements for the compatibility of physical-mechanical properties and weather resistance of materials. Metakaolin (MK), a highly active pozzolanic material, serves as a raw material for geopolymers that demonstrate exceptional stability and durability. In recent years, these geopolymers have been increasingly applied in grottoes conservation. When the MK precursor is mixed with an alkaline solution, silicon and aluminum tetrahedra polymerize to form an initial polymer with Si—O—Al—O bonds, which further undergoes polycondensation to create a stable, three-dimensional network gel material—known as metakaolin-based geopolymer (MKG). The properties of MKG are closely related to factors such as the composition of the MK, the type of alkaline activator, and temperature. However, its practical application and effectiveness in cultural heritage conservation are usually constrained by challenges like salt alkali resistance and specific service environments. Therefore, it is imperative to integrate advancements in materials science with the specific needs of cultural relic conservation to enhance the application and performance of MKG in preservation practices.

Key words: grotto, heritage conservation, geopolymer, polymerization mechanism, metakaolin, alkaline activator

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