含营养骨料生态混凝土的养分缓释性能试验研究

doi:10.16552/j.cnki.issn1001-1625.2025.0716

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

生态混凝土在濒水环境中需提升养分保持能力、延长肥效供应周期并增强生态恢复效能。利用具有肥效组分的材料制备养分缓释型骨料，以不同的营养骨料替代率置换天然粗骨料，制备了具有不同孔隙率的含营养骨料生态混凝土，测试含营养骨料生态混凝土在水环境中的营养物质释放量，分析孔隙率及营养骨料替代率对含营养骨料混凝土养分缓释性能、力学性能及透水性能的影响。同时，开展植生性能试验，探究生态混凝土的缓释性能对植生性能的影响。结果表明：造粒成型后的营养骨料通过稳定结构有效减缓营养物质流失，裹浆后在不阻断养分释放的前提下可以有效降低释放速率，实现肥效的缓释和长效供给；含营养骨料生态混凝土能够动态调控养分释放；在相同营养骨料替代率下，低孔隙率试件表现出更好的力学性能；孔隙率和营养骨料替代率可成为调控生态混凝土植生性能的重要指标。

关键词: 营养骨料, 生态混凝土, 孔隙率, 养分缓释, 植生性能

Abstract:

Ecological concrete used in riparian environments necessitates needs to enhance nutrient retention capacity， extend fertiliser efficacy cycles， and improve ecological restoration performance. Nutrient slow-release aggregates were prepared using materials containing fertiliser components， which were then substituted for natural coarse aggregates at varying substitution rates of nutrient aggregate to produce nutrient aggregate ecological concrete with different porosities. Tests measured nutrient release amount in aquatic environments， analysing how porosity and nutrient aggregate substitution rates influenced nutrient slow-release performance， mechanical properties， and water permeability of nutrient aggregate ecological concrete. Concurrently， vegetation performance tests were conducted to investigate how slow-release properties of ecological concrete influence vegetation performance. Results indicate that granulated nutrient aggregates effectively reduce nutrient loss through their stable structure. Slurry coating reduces nutrient release rates without blocking nutrient availability， achieving slow-release fertilization and sustain nutrient supply. Nutrient aggregate ecological concrete dynamically regulates nutrient release. Specimens with lower porosity exhibit superior mechanical performance at equivalent substitution rate of nutrient aggregate. Porosity and nutrient aggregate substitution rate can serve as key indicators for regulating the vegetation performance of ecological concrete.

Key words: nutrient aggregate, ecological concrete, porosity, nutrient slow-release, vegetation performance

中图分类号:

TU528.59

雷进生, 谭嘉伟, 史晓宇, 雷俊杰, 刘金鑫. 含营养骨料生态混凝土的养分缓释性能试验研究[J]. 硅酸盐通报, 2026, 45(1): 133-144.

LEI Jinsheng, TAN Jiawei, SHI Xiaoyu, LEI Junjie, LIU Jinxin. Experimental Study on Nutrient Slow-Release Performance of Nutrient Aggregate Ecological Concrete[J]. BULLETIN OF THE CHINESE CERAMIC SOCIETY, 2026, 45(1): 133-144.

图/表 18

表1 硫铝酸盐水泥的物理性能

Table 1 Physical properties of sulfoaluminate cement

Material	Fineness/%	Setting time/min		Flexural strength/MPa		Compressive strength/MPa
Material	Fineness/%	Initial	Final	3 d	28 d	3 d	28 d
SAC	2.4	15	30	5.7	7.5	38.4	46.2

表2 粉煤灰的化学成分

Table 2 Chemical composition of fly ash

Chemical composition	SiO₂	Al₂O₃	Fe₂O₃	CaO	SO₃	K₂O	Na₂O	LOI
Mass fraction/%	48.37	32.35	4.16	6.12	1.98	1.91	2.42	2.69

表3 普通硅酸盐水泥的物理性能

Table 3 Physical properties of ordinary Portland cement

Material	Fineness/%	Setting time/min		Flexural strength/MPa		Compressive strength/MPa
Material	Fineness/%	Initial	Final	3 d	28 d	3 d	28 d
OPC	2.1	132	180	5.2	8.8	29.2	54.4

表4 粗集料的基本性能指标

Table 4 Basic performance indicators of coarse aggregates

Material	Particle size/mm	Porosity/%	Apparent density/（ kg·m^-3）	Stacking density/（ kg·m^-3）	Water absorption/%
Crushed stone	5~20	41.3	2 700	1 612	2.1
Crushed stone	10~20	40.9	2 657	1 570	2.1

表5 营养基材配合比

Table 5 Mix proportion of nutrient substrate

Group	Mass fraction/%
Group	AS	OPM	POM	OSRF	CRF	SSP	FeSO₄
a	60	25	5	3	3	2	2
b	55	25	10	3	3	2	2

表6 营养骨料配合比

Table 6 Mix proportion of nutrient aggregates

Sample

Mix proportion/（kg·m^-3）

Cementing material（SAC）

Cementing material（FA）

Nutrient substrate（a）

Nutrient substrate

（b）

表7 生态混凝土配合比

Table 7 Mix proportion of ecological concrete

Sample	Porosity/%	Mix proportion/（kg·m^-3）
Sample	Porosity/%	Nutrient aggregate	Aggregate	Sand	Cement	FA	Fortifier	Water	Water reducer
A1-0	25	0	1 538.0	0	220.0	26.0	13.0	72.5	1.3
A1-10	25	104.0	1 384.2	0	220.0	26.0	13.0	72.5	1.3
A1-20	25	208.0	1 230.4	0	220.0	26.0	13.0	72.5	1.3
A2-0	25	0	1 538.0	0	220.0	26.0	13.0	72.5	1.3
A2-10	25	65.0	1 384.2	0	220.0	26.0	13.0	72.5	1.3
A2-20	25	130.0	1 230.4	0	220.0	26.0	13.0	72.5	1.3
A3-0	20	0	1 579.0	175.4	200.5	23.6	11.8	75.5	1.2
A3-10	20	65.0	1 380.1	175.4	200.5	23.6	11.8	75.5	1.2
A3-20	20	130.0	1 222.2	175.4	200.5	23.6	11.8	75.5	1.2

图1 营养骨料制备过程

Fig.1 Preparation process of nutrient aggregates

图2 含营养骨料生态混凝土制备过程

Fig.2 Preparation process of nutrient aggregate ecological concrete

图3 营养骨料抗压强度试验装置

Fig.3 Compressive strength test device of nutrient aggregates

图4 含营养骨料生态混凝土植生试验流程

Fig.4 Vegetation test flow of nutrient aggregate ecological concrete

表8 营养骨料的基本性能

Table 8 Basic properties of nutrient aggregates

Sample

Particle

size/mm

7 d compressive strength/MPa

28 d compressive strength/MPa

Bulk density/

（kg·m^-3）

图5 营养骨料电导率和磷元素释放量变化情况

Fig.5 Changes of electrical conductivity and phosphorus release amount of nutrient aggregates

图6 营养骨料中植物生长与根系生长情况

Fig.6 Plant growth and root growth in nutrient aggregates

图7 生态混凝土的有效孔隙率和渗透系数

Fig.7 Effective porosity and permeability coefficient of ecological concrete

图8 生态混凝土的7、28 d抗压强度

Fig.8 Compressive strength of ecological concrete at 7 and 28 d

图9 生态混凝土中电导率和磷元素释放量变化情况

Fig.9 Changes in electrical conductivity and phosphorus release amount in ecological concrete

图10 生态混凝土的植物生长情况

Fig.10 Plant growth of ecological concrete

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