Macroscopic Properties and Microstructure Analysis of Mixed Ceramic-Fiber-Rubber Composite Mortar

doi:10.16552/j.cnki.issn1001-1625.2026.0178

Abstract

Abstract:

To alleviate the increasing scarcity of sand resources and overcome the inherent brittleness of mortar， this study utilized ceramic sand and rubber particles as partial replacements of mechanism sand by mass and added polypropylene fibers to design and fabricate 9 groups of composite mortar specimens with different mix ratios. Through flowability tests， mechanical property tests， as well as scanning electron microscopy， energy dispersive spectrometer and mercury intrusion porosimetry tests， the effects of ceramic sand， PPF and rubber particles on the workability， mechanical properties and microstructure of mortar were investigated. The results show that when ceramic sand replaces 50% （mass fraction） of mechanism sand， it doesn’t adversely affect the fluidity， and the 28 d compressive strength is improved. The co-addition of PPF and rubber particles reduces the flowability， compressive strength， splitting tensile strength， and flexural strength of mortar， but improves the toughness of the composite mortar specimens. The interface between ceramic sand and mortar is dense and compact. When the replacement rate of ceramic sand is 50%， the porosity， average pore diameter and pore area of the mortar all decrease. The inclusion of PPF and rubber particles weakens the interface transition zone of mortar. Furthermore， PPF increases the average pore diameter and porosity of mortar， while rubber particles refine the pore diameter and improve the pore size distribution， but increase the number of harmful pores.

Key words: mortar, ceramic sand, polypropylene fiber, rubber particle, mechanical property, microscopic mechanism

CLC Number:

TU528.09

XU Guang, DU Xiangqin, WU Tingjie, ZHU Yuanshuai, WANG Chunyi, LIU Xingjie. Macroscopic Properties and Microstructure Analysis of Mixed Ceramic-Fiber-Rubber Composite Mortar[J]. BULLETIN OF THE CHINESE CERAMIC SOCIETY, 2026, 45(8): 2794-2805.

Figures/Tables 17

Table 1 Property parameter of cement

Volume stability （boiling method）	Standard consistence/%	Fineness （45 μm）/%	Setting time/min		Flexural strength/MPa		Compressive strength/MPa
Volume stability （boiling method）	Standard consistence/%	Fineness （45 μm）/%	Initial	Final	3 d	28 d	3 d	28 d
Qualified	30	9.7	205	300	5.9	10.6	28.2	55.6

Table 2 Physical properties of PPF

Length/mm	Diameter/μm	Density/（g·cm^-3）	Elongation at break/%	Tensile strength/MPa	Elastic modulus/GPa
5	39	0.91	20	390	5.3

Fig.1 Gradation curves of fine aggregates

Table 3 Mix proportion

Sample No.	Mass/g
Sample No.	Cement	Mechanism sand	Ceramic sand	PPF	Rubber particle	Water
JZ	630.0	1 530.0	0	0	0	315.0
C50F0R0	630.0	765.0	765.0	0	0	315.0
C50F2R0	630.0	765.0	765.0	12.6	0	315.0
C47.5F2R2.5	630.0	765.0	726.8	12.6	38.2	315.0
C45F2R5	630.0	765.0	688.5	12.6	76.5	315.0
C42.5F2R7.5	630.0	765.0	650.3	12.6	114.7	315.0
C40F2R10	630.0	765.0	612.0	12.6	153.0	315.0
C37.5F2R12.5	630.0	765.0	573.8	12.6	191.2	315.0
C35F2R15	630.0	765.0	535.5	12.6	229.5	315.0

Fig.2 Process of specimen preparation and tests

Fig.3 Fluidity of composite mortar

Fig.4 Compressive strength of composite mortar specimens at different curing ages

Fig.5 Splitting tensile strength of composite mortar specimens at different curing ages

Fig.6 Flexural strength of composite mortar specimens at different curing ages

Fig.7 Ratio of splitting tensile strength to compressive strength of composite mortar

Fig.8 Ratio of flexural strength to compressive strength of composite mortar

Fig.9 Failure morphology of composite mortar specimens

Fig.10 Schematic diagram of elastic recovery of test specimen

Fig.11 SEM images with EDS spectra of composite mortar specimens

Fig.12 Pore size distribution of composite mortar specimens cured for 28 d

Fig.13 Comprehensive pore properties of composite mortar specimens

Fig.14 Cross-section morphology of composite mortar specimens

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