Salt Corrosion Resistance and Failure Mechanism of Manufactured Sand Concrete in Saline Soil Environment of Northwest China

doi:10.16552/j.cnki.issn1001-1625.2025.0725

Abstract

Abstract: In response to the depletion of natural river sand resources and the demand for solid waste utilization, manufactured sand has increasingly become a key raw material for producing low-carbon concrete. Focusing on the Northwest China, this study investigated manufactured sand concrete (MSC) as the research object, and designed a laboratory acceleration erosion simulation system to simulate the environmental characteristics of saline soil by investigating the typical environmental characteristics of Northwest China. The macroscopic performance deterioration of MSC under erosion simulation system was systematically examined, along with the synergistic compatibility effect of granite powder (GP) and concrete erosion inhibitor (CEI). Through raw material characterization combined with microstructural analyses including isothermal calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis (TG-DTG) and mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP), the formation characteristics of erosion products and the mechanisms of microstructural failure were elucidated. The results indicate that 5% (mass fraction) CEI exhibits a time-dependent hydration regulation effect within the cementitious system (the cumulative heat release at 72 h is 169.87 J·g^-1). 5% CEI and 10% (mass fraction) GP show good corrosion resistance in MSC at the later stage of erosion, with a mass loss of 2.98%. The pore structure, erosion products and microstructure tests show that internal expansion stress is the primary cause of performance degradation after erosion. Through the comprehensive analysis of macro performance and micro mechanism, this study provides important experimental data and technical support for the application of MSC in saline soil environment of Northwest China.

Key words: erosion simulation system, saline soil environment, manufactured sand concrete, durability, concrete erosion inhibitor

CLC Number:

TU528

ZHANG Yunsheng, TIAN Haozheng. Salt Corrosion Resistance and Failure Mechanism of Manufactured Sand Concrete in Saline Soil Environment of Northwest China[J]. BULLETIN OF THE CHINESE CERAMIC SOCIETY, 2025, 44(11): 3964-3979.

References

[1] 刘璞东, 张戎令, 薛彦瑾, 等. 硫酸盐干湿交替作用下混凝土性能劣化规律及寿命预测研究[J]. 材料导报, 2025, 39(增刊1): 218-223.
LIU P D, ZHANG R L, XUE Y J, et al. Study on the deteriorating law and life prediction of concrete performance under the alternating action of dry and wet sulfate[J]. Materials Reports, 2025, 39(supplement 1): 218-223 (in Chinese).
[2] TIAN H Z, QIAO H X, FENG Q, et al. Corrosion deterioration of reinforced concrete in a saline soil environment[J]. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 2023, 35(11): 04023387.
[3] XU J, LI F M, ZHAO J, et al. Model of time-dependent and stress-dependent chloride penetration of concrete under sustained axial pressure in the marine environment[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2018, 170: 207-216.
[4] WANG X X, LIU J P, JIN Z Q, et al. Real-time strain monitoring of reinforced concrete under the attacks of sulphate and chloride ions based on XCT and DIC methods[J]. Cement and Concrete Composites, 2022, 125: 104314.
[5] FENG H J, LE H T N, WANG S S, et al. Effects of silanes and silane derivatives on cement hydration and mechanical properties of mortars[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2016, 129: 48-60.
[6] FLORIDO P G V P, LORDSLEEM A C, PÓVOAS Y V. Polymer-modified mortar flexibility of the masonry-concrete structure interface[J]. Case Studies in Construction Materials, 2024, 20: e03225.
[7] HODUL J, BENÍKOVÁ T, DROCHYTKA R. Substantiation of the effectiveness of water-soluble hydrophobic agents on the properties of cement composites[J]. Buildings, 2024, 14(11): 3364.
[8] RAGHAV M, PARK T, YANG H M, et al. Review of the effects of supplementary cementitious materials and chemical additives on the physical, mechanical and durability properties of hydraulic concrete[J]. Materials, 2021, 14(23): 7270.
[9] KONG X M, LIU H, LU Z B, et al. The influence of silanes on hydration and strength development of cementitious systems[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 2015, 67: 168-178.
[10] 李王鑫, 余德密, 黄佳敏, 等. 基于可视化分析的超疏水混凝土研究现状[J]. 低温建筑技术, 2021, 43(12): 67-72.
LI W X, YU D M, HUANG J M, et al. Research status of superhydrophobic concrete based on visual analysis[J]. Low Temperature Architecture Technology, 2021, 43(12): 67-72 (in Chinese).
[11] 刘光严, 穆松, 蔡景顺, 等. 侵蚀抑制材料对高速铁路无砟轨道现浇混凝土抗冻融性能影响及作用机制[J]. 铁道建筑, 2022, 62(12): 35-39.
LIU G Y, MU S, CAI J S, et al. Effect and mechanism of erosion inhibition materials on freeze-thaw resistance of cast-in-place concrete in ballastless track of high speed railway[J]. Railway Engineering, 2022, 62(12): 35-39 (in Chinese).
[12] 何仕碧, 陈太红, 安辛友, 等. 凝灰岩制备水泥混合材的试验研究[J]. 硅酸盐通报, 2018, 37(5): 1572-1577.
HE S B, CHEN T H, AN X Y, et al. Experimental study on preparing cement admixture from volcanic tuff[J]. Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2018, 37(5): 1572-1577 (in Chinese).
[13] 蒋正武, 尹军. 可持续混凝土发展的技术原则与途径[J]. 建筑材料学报, 2016, 19(6): 957-963.
JIANG Z W, YIN J. Technical principles and approaches for development of sustainable concrete[J]. Journal of Building Materials, 2016, 19(6): 957-963 (in Chinese).
[14] YAO Y Z, LIU C, LIU H W, et al. Deterioration mechanism understanding of recycled powder concrete under coupled sulfate attack and freeze-thaw cycles[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2023, 388: 131718.
[15] 田浩正, 乔宏霞, 冯琼, 等. 石粉替代率对聚合物机制砂粘结砂浆性能及微细观结构的影响[J]. 材料导报, 2024, 38(6): 138-144.
TIAN H Z, QIAO H X, FENG Q, et al. Effect of stone powder substitution rate on the performance and microstructure of mechanism sand polymer-bonded mortar[J]. Materials Reports, 2024, 38(6): 138-144 (in Chinese).
[16] ZHENG M, ZHANG L, FENG Y K. A review on silane and siloxane materials: enhancing durability of cementitious materials through surface treatments[J]. Journal of Materials Science, 2024, 59(23): 10119-10139.
[17] 中华人民共和国建设部. 普通混凝土用砂、石质量及检验方法标准(附条文说明): JGJ 52—2006[S]. 北京: 中国建筑工业出版社, 2007.
Ministry of Construction of the People's Republie of China. Standard for technical requirements and test method of sand and crushed stone (or gravel) for ordinary concrete: JGJ 52—2006[S]. Beijing: China Architecture & Building Press, 2006 (in Chinese).
[18] 国家市场监督管理总局, 国家标准化管理委员会. 建设用砂: GB/T 14684—2022[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2022.
State Administration for Maket Regulation, National Standardization Administration. Sand for construction: GB/T 14684—2022[S]. Beiing: Standards Press of China, 2022 (in Chinese).
[19] 中华人民共和国工业和信息化部. 混凝土抗侵蚀抑制剂: JC/T 2553—2019[S]. 北京: 中国建材工业出版社, 2019.
Ministry of Industry and Information Techonology of the People's Republic of China. Erosion inhibitor for concrete: JC/T 2553—2019[S]. Beijing: China Building Material Industry Publishing House, 2019 (in Chinese).
[20] 菅煜婷, 张勃, 黄浩. 近58年甘肃气候变化区域差异分析及环流影响[J]. 高原气象, 2022, 41(5): 1291-1301.
JIAN Y T, ZHANG B, HUANG H. Regional difference analysis of climate change in Gansu province in recent 58 years and its impact on circulation[J]. Plateau Meteorology, 2022, 41(5): 1291-1301 (in Chinese).
[21] 张国彬, 汪万福, 詹鸿涛, 等. 近30 a敦煌莫高窟气温和降水变化特征[J]. 高原气象, 2023, 42(4): 1069-1077.
ZHANG G B, WANG W F, ZHAN H T, et al. The variation characteristics of temperature and precipitation in Mogao Grottoes of Dunhuang in recent 30 years[J]. Plateau Meteorology, 2023, 42(4): 1069-1077 (in Chinese).
[22] 王超, 韦志刚, 李振朝, 等. 敦煌戈壁地区地气温差变化特征分析[J]. 干旱区资源与环境, 2011, 25(11): 72-78.
WANG C, WEI Z G, LI Z C, et al. The variation characteristics of difference between surface and air temperature in Dunhuang Gobi[J]. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment, 2011, 25(11): 72-78 (in Chinese).
[23] WANG Y, YANG Z F, QUAN Z P, et al. Sulfate resistance and life prediction of UHPC in western saline soil environment[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2025, 458: 139756.
[24] 中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部. 盐渍土地区建筑技术规范: GB/T 50942—2014[S]. 北京: 中国计划出版社, 2015.
Ministry of Housing and Uran-Rural Development of the People's Republie of China. Technical code for building in'salin soil regions: GB/T 50942—2014[S]. Beiing: China Planning Publishing House, 2015 (in Chinese).
[25] WANG K, GUO J J, WU H, et al. Influence of dry-wet ratio on properties and microstructure of concrete under sulfate attack[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2020, 263: 120635.
[26] ATKINSON A, HEARNE J A. Mechanistic model for the durability of concrete barriers exposed to sulphate-bearing groundwaters[J]. MRS Online Proceedings Library, 1989, 176(1): 149.
[27] 中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部. 混凝土长期性能和耐久性能试验方法标准: GB/T 50082—2024[S]. 北京: 中国建筑工业出版社, 2024.
Ministry of Housing and Uran-Rural Development of the People's Republie of China. Standard for test methods of long-term performance and durability of ordinary concrete: GB/T 50082—2024[S]. Beiing: China Architecture & Building Press, 2024 (in Chinese).
[28] NIU D T, WANG Y D, MA R, et al. Experiment study on the failure mechanism of dry-mix shotcrete under the combined actions of sulfate attack and drying-wetting cycles[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2015, 81: 74-80.
[29] 金祖权, 陈惠苏, 赵铁军, 等. 混凝土在硫酸盐冻融中的损伤与离子传输[J]. 建筑材料学报, 2015, 18(3): 493-498.
JIN Z Q, CHEN H S, ZHAO T J, et al. Damage and ion penetration in concrete subjected to sulfate frost[J]. Journal of Building Materials, 2015, 18(3): 493-498 (in Chinese).
[30] 甘磊, 冯先伟, 沈振中, 等. 硫酸盐溶液干湿循环作用下玄武岩纤维混凝土强度演化模型[J]. 东南大学学报(自然科学版), 2022, 52(4): 720-729.
GAN L, FENG X W, SHEN Z Z, et al. Strength evolution model of basalt fiber reinforced concrete under dry-wet cycles of sulfate solutions[J]. Journal of Southeast University (Natural Science Edition), 2022, 52(4): 720-729 (in Chinese).
[31] 乔宏霞, 彭宽, 陈克凡, 等. 干湿循环条件下陶瓷粉再生混凝土抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能及可靠性分析[J]. 应用基础与工程科学学报, 2021, 29(3): 752-760.
QIAO H X, PENG K, CHEN K F, et al. Resistance and reliability analysis of ceramic powder recycled concrete to sulfate dry-wet cycle erosion[J]. Journal of Basic Science and Engineering, 2021, 29(3): 752-760 (in Chinese).
[32] 冯琼, 田浩正, 乔宏霞, 等. 自然暴露与盐雾加速环境下钢筋混凝土劣化规律及等效关系[J]. 吉林大学学报(工学版), 2024, 54(2): 494-505.
FENG Q, TIAN H Z, QIAO H X, et al. Corrosion deterioration and equivalent relationship between natural exposure and salt spray accelerated environment of reinforced concrete[J]. Journal of Jilin University (Engineering and Technology Edition), 2024, 54(2): 494-505 (in Chinese).
[33] 杨永敢, 张云升, 佘伟, 等. 带初始损伤混凝土受硫酸盐侵蚀劣化的机理分析[J]. 建筑材料学报, 2017, 20(5): 705-711.
YANG Y G, ZHANG Y S, SHE W, et al. Deterioration mechanism of concrete with initial damage exposed to sulfate attack[J]. Journal of Building Materials, 2017, 20(5): 705-711 (in Chinese).
[34] 冯乃谦, 邢锋. 高性能混凝土的氯离子渗透性和导电量[J]. 混凝土, 2001(11): 3-7.
FENG N Q, XING F. Chlorine ion permeability and electrical conductance of high performance concrete[J]. Concrete, 2001(11): 3-7 (in Chinese).
[35] 李金玉, 彭小平, 邓正刚, 等. 混凝土抗冻性的定量化设计[J]. 混凝土, 2000(12): 61-65.
LI J Y, PENG X P, DENG Z G, et al. Quantitative design on the frost-resistance of concrete[J]. Concrete, 2000(12): 61-65 (in Chinese).
[36] ZHOU Y, CAI J S, HOU D S, et al. The inhibiting effect and mechanisms of smart polymers on the transport of fluids throughout nano-channels[J]. Applied Surface Science, 2020, 500: 144019.
[37] RAJAGOPALAN S R, KANG S T. Evaluation of sulfate resistance of cement mortars with the replacement of fine stone powder[J]. Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management, 2021, 23(5): 1995-2004.
[38] HUANG J L, CHEN R X, ZHOU Y, et al. Molecular design and experiment of ion transport inhibitors towards concrete sustainability[J]. Cement and Concrete Composites, 2022, 133: 104710.
[39] LI H J, HUANG F L, CHENG G Z, et al. Effect of granite dust on mechanical and some durability properties of manufactured sand concrete[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2016, 109: 41-46.
[40] 周英超, 但汉成, 马志明. 偏高岭土-高炉矿渣地聚合物路面修补砂浆的耐久性试验研究[J]. 铁道科学与工程学报, 2024, 21(8): 3213-3224.
ZHOU Y C, DAN H C, MA Z M. Experimental investigation on the durability of geopolymer repaired mortar based on metakaolin and blast furnace slag[J]. Journal of Railway Science and Engineering, 2024, 21(8): 3213-3224 (in Chinese).
[41] HAN X, WANG B M, FENG J J. Relationship between fractal feature and compressive strength of concrete based on MIP[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2022, 322: 126504.
[42] WEI Y M, CHEN X Z, CHAI J R, et al. Correlation between mechanical properties and pore structure deterioration of recycled concrete under sulfate freeze-thaw cycles: an experimental study[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2024, 412: 134794.
[43] KAMAT A, LUBELLI B, SCHLANGEN E. Leaching behaviour of a crystallisation inhibitor in mortars[J]. Journal of Building Engineering, 2023, 79: 107933.