Mechanical and Electrical Properties Regulation of Soda-Lime-Silica Transparent Glass-Ceramics

doi:10.16552/j.cnki.issn1001-1625.2025.1219

Abstract

Abstract:

Insulators are specialized insulating components capable of withstanding high voltage and mechanical stress， playing a significant role in overhead transmission lines. However， traditional tempered glass insulators are prone to self-explosion， while ceramic insulators are heavy and opaque， making it difficult to detect fine cracks as well as internal defects and damage. Therefore， there is an urgent need to develop transparent insulating materials with high electrical strength and high mechanical strength. In this work， the soda-lime-silica glass （Na₂O-2CaO-3SiO₂） was selected as the matrix material. A series of glass-ceramics were prepared by introducing nucleating agents and designing appropriate heat treatment schedules. The mechanical and electrical properties of the glass samples were regulated by Al₂O₃ and K₂O. The influence of K₂O and heat treatment process on the crystallization behavior， microstructure， bending strength， breakdown strength and electrical properties of glass-ceramics was systematically explored. The results show that with the increase of K₂O content， the mixed alkali effect arising from the coexistence of Na⁺ and K⁺ leads to an increase in the volume resistivity of the sample. After crystallization， the samples exhibit a transmittance greater than 50% at 500 nm， a volume resistivity greater than 1×10¹¹ Ω·m， a bending strength greater than 120 MPa， a Vickers hardness greater than 6 GPa， a relative dielectric constant of 7~9 （at 1 MHz）， and an electrical breakdown strength greater than 20 kV/mm. These materials show promise for application in the field of insulator materials for power transmission and transformation equipment in high-voltage power grid systems.

Key words: K₂O, glass-ceramics, insulator, crystallization behavior, electrical performance, breakdown strength

CLC Number:

TQ171

SUN Sijia, ZHEN Yu, WANG Daojing, SHEN Yi, ZHAO Qian, WEI Tingting, MA Tao, SHAN Wanning, LU Ping, XU Yinsheng. Mechanical and Electrical Properties Regulation of Soda-Lime-Silica Transparent Glass-Ceramics[J]. BULLETIN OF THE CHINESE CERAMIC SOCIETY, 2026, 45(6): 2141-2150.

Figures/Tables 11

Table 1 Compositions of NCS glass samples

Sample	Mole fraction/%
Sample	Na₂O	CaO	SiO₂	TiO₂	ZrO₂	Al₂O₃	K₂O
NCS	16.50	33.50	50.00	0	0	0	0
K0	16.24	32.96	45.26	1.97	1.97	1.60	0
K1	16.14	32.77	44.99	1.96	1.96	1.59	0.59
K2	16.05	32.58	44.73	1.95	1.95	1.58	1.16
K3	15.96	32.39	44.48	1.93	1.93	1.57	1.74
K4	15.87	31.21	44.22	1.92	1.92	1.56	2.30

Fig.1 DSC curves of different samples

Fig.2 XRD patterns of different samples under different conditions

Fig.3 Transmission spectra of different samples under different conditions

Fig.4 Raman spectra of different samples under different conditions

Fig.5 SEM images and EDS mapping of sample K2-680

Fig.6 TEM， HRTEM， and FFT images of sample K0-720

Fig.7 TEM and HRTEM images of sample K2-680

Fig.8 Bending strength of K1~K4 PG and GC samples

Table 2 Hardness， electrical resistivity and dielectric properties of K1~K4 PG and GC （600 ℃/20 h， 680 ℃/2 h） samples

Sample	HV/GPa		ε		ρ/（Ω·m）		tan δ/10^-3
Sample	PG	GC	PG	GC	PG	GC	PG	GC
K1	5.8	6.8	8.4	8.1	2.16×10¹⁰	3.40×10¹¹	1.09	0.55
K2	5.6	6.7	8.1	7.6	2.55×10¹⁰	1.96×10¹¹	1.68	0.16
K3	5.5	5.7	7.9	7.5	2.75×10¹⁰	1.39×10¹¹	2.15	0.09
K4	5.2	5.3	7.8	7.9	1.12×10¹⁰	3.14×10¹¹	1.39	0.07

Fig.9 Electrical breakdown strength of K1~K4 PG and GC samples

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