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硅酸盐通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (8): 2850-2862.DOI: 10.16552/j.cnki.issn1001-1625.2026.0172

• 陶瓷 • 上一篇    下一篇

氮化硅陶瓷增韧技术研究进展

聂京凯1,2(), 侯东1,2(), 邹建明3, 陈田4, 张一铭1,2, 韩钰1,2, 何强1,2   

  1. 1.先进输电技术全国重点实验室,北京 102209
    2.中国电力科学研究院有限公司电工新材料研究所,北京 100192
    3.国家电网有限公司华中分部,武汉 430077
    4.国网江西省电力有限公司,南昌 330077
  • 收稿日期:2026-02-25 修订日期:2026-04-17 出版日期:2026-08-15 发布日期:2026-09-01
  • 通信作者: 侯东,高级工程师。E-mail:hd61140161@163.com
  • 作者简介:聂京凯(1981—),男,正高级工程师。主要从事电工新材料的研究。E-mail:niejingkai2018@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家电网有限公司科技项目(5500-202358497A-3-2-ZN)

Research Progress on Toughening Technologies of Silicon Nitride Ceramics

NIE Jingkai1,2(), HOU Dong1,2(), ZOU Jianming3, CHEN Tian4, ZHANG Yiming1,2, HAN Yu1,2, HE Qiang1,2   

  1. 1.State Key Laboratory of Advanced Power Transmission Technology,Beijing 102209,China
    2.Electric Power New Materials Research Institute,China Electric Power Research Institute,Beijing 100192,China
    3.Centralchina Branch of State Grid Corporation of China,Wuhan 430077,China
    4.State Grid Jiangxi Electric Power Co. ,Ltd. ,Nanchang 330077,China
  • Received:2026-02-25 Revised:2026-04-17 Published:2026-08-15 Online:2026-09-01

摘要:

Si3N4作为一种高性能结构工程陶瓷,凭借优异的力学性能、耐磨蚀性、抗热震性及化学稳定性,已成为航空航天、汽车、电子及医疗等高端领域高要求应用场景的理想候选材料。然而,Si3N4基陶瓷固有的高脆性极大地制约了其在更广泛工程领域中的应用。长期以来,针对Si3N4基陶瓷韧性不足的问题,国内外学者开展了大量研究工作。本文系统综述了Si3N4陶瓷韧性提升的研究进展:首先,从影响断裂韧性的关键因素出发,详细分析了原料粉体特性、烧结助剂体系、烧结工艺及晶粒形貌与取向分布对Si3N4陶瓷韧性的影响规律;在此基础上,对主要增韧策略与机理进行了深入分析与探讨。最后,对高韧性Si3N4陶瓷的未来发展趋势和重点突破方向进行了展望。

关键词: Si3N4陶瓷, 增韧机理, 微观结构, 自增韧, 第二相增韧, 结构增韧, 力学性能

Abstract:

As a high-performance structural engineering ceramics, Si3N4 has emerged as an ideal candidate material for demanding applications in advanced sectors such as aerospace, automotive, electronics, and medical technology, owing to its outstanding mechanical properties, wear resistance, thermal shock resistance, and chemical stability. However, the inherent high brittleness of Si3N4-based ceramics greatly restricts their application in a wider range of engineering fields. Over the years, researchers worldwide have conducted extensive research on the insufficient toughness in Si3N4-based ceramics. This paper systematically reviews the research progress on improving the toughness of Si3N4 ceramics: firstly, starting from the key factors affecting fracture toughness, it elaborates on the influence of powder properties of raw materials, sintering aid system, sintering process, and grain morphology and orientation distribution on the toughness of Si3N4 ceramics; based on this, it conducts in-depth analysis and discussion of the main toughening strategies and mechanisms. Finally, the paper outlines the future development trends and key breakthrough directions for high-toughness Si3N4 ceramics.

Key words: Si3N4 ceramics, toughening mechanism, microstructure, self-toughening, second-phase toughening, structural toughening, mechanical property

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