SiC裂纹扩展的多尺度损伤分析与实验研究

doi:10.16552/j.cnki.issn1001-1625.2026.0157

硅酸盐通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (8): 2863-2875.DOI: 10.16552/j.cnki.issn1001-1625.2026.0157

SiC裂纹扩展的多尺度损伤分析与实验研究

冯柏评¹^,²(), 于普良¹^,²^,³(), 穆泽龙¹^,², 刘源泂¹^,², 丁鑫¹^,², 吴九林³

^1.武汉科技大学冶金装备及其控制教育部重点实验室，武汉 430081
^2.武汉科技大学机械传动与制造工程湖北省重点实验室，武汉 430081
^3.华中科技大学智能制造装备与技术全国重点实验室，武汉 430074

收稿日期:2026-02-25 修订日期:2026-04-17 出版日期:2026-08-15 发布日期:2026-09-01
通信作者: 于普良，博士，教授。E-mail：polo2008@wust.edu.cn
作者简介:冯柏评（2001—），男，硕士研究生。主要从事材料损伤断裂力学方面的研究。E-mail：goforittt@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(52450241);湖北省区域科技创新专项项目(2025EIA083);智能制造装备与技术全国重点实验室开放课题(IMETKF2026009)

Multiscale Damage Analysis and Experimental Study of Crack Propagation in SiC

FENG Boping¹^,²(), YU Puliang¹^,²^,³(), MU Zelong¹^,², LIU Yuanjiong¹^,², DING Xin¹^,², WU Jiulin³

^1.Key Laboratory of Metallurgical Equipment and Control Technology of Ministry of Education，Wuhan University of Science and Technology，Wuhan 430081，China
^2.Hubei Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmission and Manufacturing Engineering，Wuhan University of Science and Technology，Wuhan 430081，China
^3.State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing Equipment and Technology，Huazhong University of Science and Technology，Wuhan 430074，China

Received:2026-02-25 Revised:2026-04-17 Published:2026-08-15 Online:2026-09-01

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为阐明碳化硅（SiC）的裂纹扩展机制，本文提出了一种基于分子动力学（MD）与内聚力模型（CZM）的多尺度损伤分析方法。首先，通过MD模拟获取了牵引-分离（T-S）曲线。然后，采用Voronoi图方法构建了不同气孔率多晶模型，并将T-S曲线特征参数赋予晶内及晶界的内聚力单元。在此基础上，建立三点弯曲有限元模型，模拟研究了微缺陷和气孔率对SiC断裂韧性的影响规律。结果表明，微观尺度上，长方体裂纹的临界牵引力最大，扁长椭圆孔-长方体裂纹最小。宏观尺度上二者在相同气孔率下的断裂韧性分别为最高值与最低值。此外，相同微缺陷条件下，SiC断裂韧性与气孔率呈负相关。最后，进行三点弯曲实验研究。实验结果与模拟结果吻合良好，验证了该多尺度方法对SiC损伤断裂行为预测的准确性。研究结果为优化SiC材料性能提供了数据参考。

关键词: 碳化硅, Voronoi图, 裂纹扩展, 分子动力学模拟, 内聚力模型

Abstract:

Silicon carbide （SiC） is a high-performance ceramic material with high strength， high-temperature resistance， high thermal conductivity， and excellent chemical stability. These properties make it widely used in aerospace thermal protection， nuclear structural components， and semiconductor manufacturing. However， micro-defects and mesoscale pores are inevitably introduced during fabrication， severely limiting processing efficiency and service reliability. It is therefore of considerable engineering importance to develop a reliable multiscale damage analysis method capable of bridging microscopic damage mechanisms and macroscopic fracture behavior. To this end， this study proposed a multiscale damage analysis method that integrates molecular dynamics （MD） and the cohesive zone model. The method quantitatively investigated the effects of different micro-defect configurations and porosity levels on the fracture toughness of polycrystalline SiC.

At the microscale， MD simulations were conducted using an improved Tersoff potential for β-SiC， and traction-separation （T-S） curves were obtained under both intergranular and transgranular fracture modes. The critical traction ranged from 27.77 GPa to 30.91 GPa for intergranular fracture and from 39.01 GPa to 41.86 GPa for transgranular fracture. Among the five micro-defect types， the rectangular crack consistently yielded the highest critical traction. Introducing a void along the path of a propagating rectangular crack reduced the critical traction， whereas increasing the aspect ratio of an elliptical void effectively enhanced it. Cohesive parameters， specifically maximum tensile stress， stiffness coefficient， and fracture energy， were subsequently extracted from the T-S curves via bilinear fitting and served as input for the mesoscale and macroscale models. At the mesoscale， polycrystalline models with different porosities were constructed using a bilinear boundary Voronoi diagram method. To realistically represent the porosity， circular pores with a diameter of 20 μm were uniformly embedded. The extracted cohesive parameters were assigned to zero-thickness cohesive elements inserted along grain boundaries and within grains， thereby predefining potential crack propagation paths. Based on the mesoscale models， a 2D plane-strain three-point bending finite element model was established， featuring a length of 20 mm， a width of 4 mm， and a pre-crack length of 2 mm. The simulation results indicated that， at a given porosity， the rectangular crack yielded the highest critical reaction force and fracture toughness， while the combination of the prolate elliptical void and the rectangular crack yielded the lowest. This finding was consistent with the MD results. For identical micro-defects， fracture toughness was negatively correlated with porosity. Compared with the pore-free model， the average fracture toughness decreased by 2.89% for 3% porosity and by 7.33% for 6% porosity. The predicted critical stress intensity factor ranged from 1.87 MPa·m^1/2 to 1.98 MPa·m^1/2 at 0% porosity， from 1.82 MPa·m^1/2 to 1.92 MPa·m^1/2 at 3% porosity， and from 1.73 MPa·m^1/2 to 1.87 MPa·m^1/2 at 6% porosity. Finally， three-point bending tests were performed on SiC specimens with 3% porosity. The experimental results show an average critical reaction force of 10.60 N and an average fracture toughness of 1.93 MPa·m^1/2. The maximum deviation between the experimental and simulated fracture toughness was 8.63%， confirming the accuracy of the proposed method.

Overall， the proposed method provides an effective tool for fracture assessment and reliability-oriented design of SiC and related ceramic components. In particular， it offers guidance for optimizing porosity and micro-defect configuration during processing， and enables evaluation of the influence of these factors on structural fracture toughness at the material design stage， thereby helping reduce the risk of catastrophic fracture failure. Future work will incorporate more realistic pore morphologies， processing-induced heterogeneity， and multiphase effects to further extend the applicability of the method to more complex ceramic materials.

Key words: silicon carbide, Voronoi diagram, crack propagation, molecular dynamics simulation, cohesive zone model

中图分类号:

TB321

冯柏评, 于普良, 穆泽龙, 刘源泂, 丁鑫, 吴九林. SiC裂纹扩展的多尺度损伤分析与实验研究[J]. 硅酸盐通报, 2026, 45(8): 2863-2875.

FENG Boping, YU Puliang, MU Zelong, LIU Yuanjiong, DING Xin, WU Jiulin. Multiscale Damage Analysis and Experimental Study of Crack Propagation in SiC[J]. BULLETIN OF THE CHINESE CERAMIC SOCIETY, 2026, 45(8): 2863-2875.

图/表 17

图1 β-SiC的晶胞结构

Fig.1 Unit cell structure of β-SiC

图2 含不同微缺陷的MD模型

Fig.2 MD models containing different micro-defects

图3 双线性内聚力本构模型

Fig.3 Bilinear cohesive constitutive model

图4 具有双线性边界的Voronoi多边形示意图

Fig.4 Schematic diagram of Voronoi polygon with bilinear boundaries

图5 多晶模型示意图

Fig.5 Schematic diagrams of polycrystalline models

图6 三点弯曲FE模型

Fig.6 Three-point bending FE model

图7 沿晶断裂下25 ?间距圆孔-长方体裂纹微缺陷MD模型的T-S曲线及裂纹扩展过程

Fig.7 T?S curve and crack propagation process of 25 ??spaced circular void?rectangular crack micro?defect MD model under intergranular fracture

图8 穿晶断裂下25 ?间距圆孔-长方体裂纹微缺陷MD模型的T-S曲线及裂纹扩展过程

Fig.8 T?S curve and crack propagation process of 25 ??spaced circular void?rectangular crack micro?defect MD model under transgranular fracture

表1 内聚力参数

Table 1 Cohesive parameters

	Model	Micro-defect	Maximum tensile stress/GPa	Maximum separation/Å	Stiffness coefficient/（10¹⁹ N·m^-3）	Fracture energy/（J·m^-2）
Intergranular fracture	A	Rectangular crack	30.91	22.63	19.49	34.98
	B	Prolate elliptical void-rectangular crack	27.77	21.92	18.24	30.43
	C	25 Å-spaced circular void-rectangular crack	27.79	21.98	17.69	30.54
	D	Oblate elliptical void-rectangular crack	28.70	22.27	18.28	31.96
	E	30 Å-spaced circular void-rectangular crack	27.80	21.88	19.92	30.42
Transgranular fracture	A	Rectangular crack	41.86	29.21	20.37	61.12
	B	Prolate elliptical void-rectangular crack	39.01	27.83	21.00	54.28
	C	25 Å-spaced circular void-rectangular crack	40.36	28.94	20.35	58.40
	D	Oblate elliptical void-rectangular crack	40.86	30.36	20.41	62.07
	E	30 Å-spaced circular void-rectangular crack	40.43	28.62	20.15	57.86

图9 三点弯曲FE模型图

Fig.9 Three-point bending FE models

图10 25 ?间距圆孔-长方体裂纹微缺陷条件下三点弯曲FE模型裂纹扩展过程

Fig.10 Crack propagation process in three-point bending FE model under 25 ??spaced circular void-rectangular crack micro-defect condition

图11 不同微缺陷条件下不同气孔率模型的反作用力-位移曲线

Fig.11 Reaction force-displacement curves for models with different porosities under various micro?defect conditions

图12 不同微缺陷条件下气孔率变化对材料断裂韧性的影响

Fig.12 Influence of porosity variation on material fracture toughness under different micro?defect conditions

表2 试样的尺寸参数

Table 2 Dimension parameters of specimens

Specimen	Specimen width/mm	Specimen height/mm	Pre-crack length/mm	Relative length of crack
1	3.21	4.23	1.82	0.43
2	3.42	4.34	1.70	0.39
3	3.32	4.31	1.53	0.35
4	3.27	4.30	1.60	0.37
5	3.19	4.26	1.68	0.39

图13 三点弯曲实验平台

Fig.13 Three?point bending experimental platform

图14 反作用力-位移曲线

Fig.14 Reaction force-displacement curves

图15 断裂韧性对比图

Fig.15 Fracture toughness comparison

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SiC裂纹扩展的多尺度损伤分析与实验研究

Multiscale Damage Analysis and Experimental Study of Crack Propagation in SiC

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